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bn
bio notecards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| circulatory system | a group of organs including the heart and blood vessels that transports blood to all the body cells |
| heart | hollow muscular organ that contracts at regular intervals, forcing blood through the circulatory system |
| atrium | chamber of the heart that receives incoming blood |
| ventricle | muscular chamber that pumps blood out of the heart |
| vena cava | large blood vessel that brings blood from all parts of the body except the lungs to the heart |
| artery | tough, flexible blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the tissues of the body |
| aorta | large artery in mammals that carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to all parts of the body except the lungs |
| capillary | small thin-walled blood vessel that allows materials to diffuse between the blood and the tissues |
| blood pressure | measure of the force that blood exerts against a vessel wall |
| blood | fluid medium of the circulatory system |
| plasma | liquid portion of the blood that contains water, dissolved fats, salts, sugars, and proteins |
| red blood cell | blood cell, also known as an erythrocyte, produced in bone marrow and filled with hemoglobin to transport oxygen; in humans, erythrocytes lack a nucleus |
| white blood cell | blood cell produced in bone marrow that protects the body against invasion by foreign cells or substances |
| digestion | breakdown of food into simple molecules that can be absorbed by the body |
| pharynx | muscular tubelike structure located at the back of the mouth that connect the mouth with the rest of the digestive track |
| epiglottis | small flap of cartilage in the back of the mouth that closes the entrance to the respiratory tract when depressed by food |
| esophagus | tube that connects the pharynx with the stomach |
| peristalsis | rhythmic muscular contractions that move food through the digestive system |
| stomach | thick muscular sac in which food is partially digested; located just below the diaphragm in humans |
| chyme | pasty mixture that results after food is partially digested in the stomach |
| duodenum | first part of the small intestine |
| small intestine | digestive organ in which chyme from the stomach is flooded with enzymes and digestive fluids |
| pancreas | organ that is both an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland; secretes digestive fluids and the hormones insulin and glucagon |
| liver | large organ that lies above the stomach, secretes bile, and stores excess glucose in the form of glycogen |
| gall bladder | small sac in which bile is stored |
| large intestine | organ, also known as the colon, that removes water from the undigested materials that pass through it |
| colon | digestive organ, also known as the large intestine, that removes water from the undigested materials that pass through it |
| pharynx | muscular tubelike structure located at the back of the mouth that connects the mouth with the rest of the digestive track |
| trachea | tube through which air passes from the pharynx to the lungs; windpipe |
| larynx | structure at the top of the trachea that contains the vocal chords |
| bronchus | ringed tube that branches from the trachea and enters each lung |
| bronchiole | one of the finest branches of the bronchial tubes; ends in an air sac |
| lung | organ of respiration specialized for the exchange of gases between the blood and the atmosphere |
| alveolus | air sac at the end of a bronchiole where gas exchange occurs |
| inhalation | action in which air is pulled into the lungs |
| exhalation | action in which air is pushed out of the lungs |
| diaphragm | large flat muscle involved in the mechanics of breathing that lies at the bottom of the rib cage |
| skeletal system | system consisting of the bones and their associated tissues that supports, protects, and provides flexibility to the body of humans and many other animals |
| periosteum | tough membrane that surrounds bone |
| haversian canals | one of a network of tubes containing blood vessels and nerves that supply blood to bones |
| bone marrow | soft tissue in the cavities of bones |
| cartilage | dense, fibrous connective tissue whose cells are scattered in a network of collagen fibers |
| ossification | process in which cartilage is replaced by bone |
| joint | place where 2 bones come together |
| ligament | strip of tough connective tissue in a joint that surrounds bones and holds them together |
| muscular system | system that provides movement to the body and is composed of tissues that contract when stimulated |
| myosin | protein that makes up the thick filaments of a muscle cell |
| actin | protein that makes up the thin filaments in a muscle cell |
| tendon | tough connective tissue that joins skeletal muscle to the bone |
| integumentary system | protective system formed by the skin and its accessory organs |
| epidermis | in animals, outermost layer of skin; in plants, thin layer of root tissue that take in water and nutrients |
Created by:
kcrone
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