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Soil Science Final

QuestionAnswer
O horizon organic horizon (varying degrees of decomp. Contains >20% o.m.)
A horizon top mineral layer (0-20% o.m accumulation)
E horizon eluviation: process of leaching or removal (lighter color than A; clay and o.m removed)
B horizon illuviation: process of accumulation from illuviation above (clay and o.m. from A/E horizons)
C horizon parent material (unconsolidated)
R horizon consolidated rock.
a highly decomposed o.m. (used with O horizon only – Oa)
b buried layer
c concretions: dense mass of secondary minerals (used with B or C horizons)
d physical root restriction (naturally occurring or man-made)
e intermediately decomposed o.m. (used with O horizon only – Oe)
f frozen soil
g gleying: bluish grey color due to presence of FeO•XH2O (used with very wet B and C horizons)
h humus accumulation
i slightly decomposed o.m. (used with O horizon only – Oi)
j jarosite (pale yellow potassium (K) mineral)
jj cryoturbation (frost churning)
k CaCo3 accumulation (B or C horizons)
n Na+ accumulation (B or C horizons – arid soils)
o sesquioxides: Fe2O3 or Al2O3 (highly weathered tropical soils)
p “plowed” (A horizon only – Ap)
q quartz accumulation (B or C horizons)
r weathered bedrock (C horizon)
s sesquioxide illuvial accumulation (B horizon)
ss slickensides: shiny planes created by clays that shrink and swell (wetting and drying)
t texture change by clay accumulation in the B horizon
v plinthite accumulation: very dense, hard layer of iron oxides (tropical areas).
w “weak” B: slight color difference or structural change.
x fragipan: subsurface with high bulk density relative to the surface
y gypsum accumulation (calcium mineral in B or C horizons – arid areas)
z soluble salt accumulation (B and C horizons – arid soils)
Created by: CrazyKaida
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