Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Nutrition WK4 CH9
water balance
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Body water compartments | Dynamic systems within the body Intracellular or extracellular |
| Particles in the water solution | Determine all internal shifts and balances between compartments |
| Body’s state of dynamic balance | Capacity of the body to maintain life systems despite what enters the system from outside; Homeostatic mechanisms protect the body’s water supply |
| Solvent | Basic liquid solvent for all chemical processes within the body |
| Transport | Nutrients carried through the body in water-based fluids (e.g., blood, secretions, synovial joint fluid, vaginal fluid) |
| Thermoregulation | sweating – keeps us cool Maintains stable body temperature |
| Body lubricant | vag secretions, synovial fluid |
| Surrounding environment | Body water is lost as sweat and must be replaced – vomiting, watery diarrhea; more active or sicker we sweat |
| Functional losses | Disease process affects water requirements |
| water requirements - Metabolic needs | 1000 ml of water necessary for every 1000 kcal in the diet |
| water requirements by Age | Infants need 700 to 800 ml of water per day Adult men need 2900 ml of liquids per day – approx 12 cups Adult women need 2200 ml of liquids per day – approx 9 cups |
| Dehydration | >2% total body weight loss (clinical dehydration) Special concern in the elderly – muscle wasting and low food consumption; chronic disease so usually on a diuretic Alcohol and caffeine are diuretics – can't count towards intake |
| Water intoxication | Those at risk: Infants – can happen when they're sick; when use too much water in formula Psychiatric patients – don't have a constant memory; can't tell you what they've dLSone Patients on psychotropic drugs – LSD, Xtasy – recreational drugs (not a pr |
| Extracellular fluid | Total body water outside cells One quarter of extracellular fluid is blood plasma |
| Interstitial fluid | Fluid surrounding cells in tissues |
| Intracellular fluid | Total body water inside the cells Twice the volume of that outside the cells |
| Overall water balance | Average adult metabolizes 2.5 to 3 L of water/day Know blood ¼ of extracelluar is plasma, interstitial fluid, secretions |
| Water output | Obligatory water loss Leaves the body through kidneys, skin, lungs, and feces Optional water loss Varies according to climate and physical activity |
| Electrolytes | Small, inorganic substances that break apart in a solution and carry an electrical charge (ions); Vary accordingly to Body temp, activity level, age, diuretics |
| Plasma Proteins | Mainly albumin and globulin Not charged; plasma can't freely move across a cellular membrane – allows to be maintained in blood vessels; Collaids is another name for blood plasma |
| colloidal osmotic pressure | guard blood volume |
| Capillary membrane | Thin and porous; Water molecules move freely across them |
| Cell membrane | Thicker membranes (built like a sandwich) Have penetrating channels of protein Constructed to protect and nourish cell contents |
| Osmosis | water movement from low to high; Process or force that impels water molecules to move throughout body; Moves water molecules from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration |
| Diffusion | particles moving from high to low Force by which particles in solution move outward in all directions from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration |
| Filtration | Water is forced through membrane pores when pressure outside the membrane is different |
| Active transport | Necessary to carry particles “upstream” across separating membranes |
| Pinocytosis | (means cell drinking) Larger molecules attach to thicker cell membrane, then are engulfed by cell |
| Capillary Fluid Shift Mechanism | Cells’ water and nutrients must move from capillaries to cells. Water and cell metabolites must return to capillaries. Uses opposing fluid pressures: Hydrostatic pressure Colloidal osmotic pressure |
| Gastrointestinal circulation | Water separated from blood plasma is continually secreted into the gastrointestinal tract. |
| isotonicity | equal osmotic pressure – d/t equal concentration of electrolytes and water |
| Renal circulation | Kidney “laundering” of the blood helps maintain water balance and proper solution of blood |
| Hormonal controls | Antidiuretic hormone mechanism Aldosterone mechanism |
| Antidiuretic hormone mechanism | anti-pee; induces the reabsorption of water |
| Aldosterone mechanism | produced by the adrenal glands – triggers the kidneys to reabsorb sodium – works w/ ADH |
| Acid | more hydrogen ions; pH stands for “power of hydrogen” Acidity value <7.35 Neutral value = 7 |
| Acid-Base Buffer System | Handles an excess of acid or base Mixture of acid and base that protects a solution from wide variations in pH Main buffer system: carbonic acid/base bicarbonate |
| how much of the human body is made up of water? | 50-60% |
Created by:
MarieG
Popular Nursing sets