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Chapter14Micro
Lecture Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pathogens are | disease-causing microorganisms that INVADE the body (infection) or PRODUCE TOXINS |
| Pathogenesis | the manner in which disease develops |
| "Dis-ease" | any abnormal change in the status of health |
| Virulence Factors | Colonization Invasion Adhesion Toxins |
| Normal Microbiota = Normal Flora | Opportunistic Do not produce disease under normal circumstances |
| Normal Flora (Microbiota) Locations | Skin, Conjuctiva, Nose/Throat, Mouth, Large Intestine, Urinary. |
| Skin Normal Flora | Staphylococcus, Candida, Corynebacterium, |
| Conjuctiva Normal Flora | Staphylococcus, Streptococcus |
| Nose/Throat Normal Flora | Staphylococcus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus |
| Mouth Normal Flora | Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Candida, Lactobacillus, |
| Large Intestine Normal Flora | Candida, Lactobacillus, E. coli, Enterococcus |
| Urinary Normal Flora | Staphylococcus, Candida, Lactobacillus |
| Barriers to Infection | Oil glands, Keratin in skin, Tears, Microbial Antagonism, Mucus, Nasal Secretions, Saliva, Shedding of Intestine, Urine |
| Pathology | Scientific Study of Disease |
| Infection | Invasion and growth of pathogen in the body, with or without disease. |
| Host | Organism that shelters and supports growth of pathogen |
| Transient Microbiota | Microbes that are present for various period and then disappear. |
| Microbial Antagonism | Normal microbiota prevent pathogens from causing infection. ex, compete for nutrients, stimulate immune system, prevent colonization. |
| Symbiosis | Commensalism Mutualism Parasitism |
| Commensalism | One organism benefits and the other is unaffected. |
| Mutualism | Both organisms benefit (us) |
| Parasitism | One organism benefits and one is harmed |
| Cooperation | One organism makes the other more virulent EX: Hep B and D |
| Koch's Postulates | Method for establishing that specific microbes cause specific disease. |
| Koch's Postulates 4 Requirements | 1. Must be present in every case of disease 2. Isolated in pure culture 3. Cause same disease in susceptible animal 4. Reisolated from animal and shown to be identical to the original |
| Koch's Postulates Exceptions | Can't grow in artificial media (leprosy), More than on causitive agent, Ethical Consideration, Some pathogens cause several different diseases. |
| Symptoms | SUBJECTIVE changes in body function (pain) |
| Signs | OBJECTIVE measurable changes (swelling,fever) |
| Diagnosis | Pt + Dr. findings based on symptoms and signs |
| Syndrome | specific symptoms or signs that accompany specific disease |
| Communicable Disease | Transmitted directly or indirectly from one host to another |
| A Contagious Disease | Easily spread from one person to another |
| Noncommunicable Disease | Can't spread it to someone else (tetanus) |
| Opportunistic Pathogen Organism | E. coli, Candida infections, Kaposis sarcoma virus, Aids. |
| Disease Occurence reported by | Incidence and Prevalence |
| Incidence | Number of PEOPLE CONTRACTING the disease during a specified PERIOD OF TIME. (Indicator of the spread of the disease) |
| Prevalence | Number of CASES AT A SPECIFIED TIME regardless of when the disease started (Indicator on how long a disease affects a population) |
| Disease are classified by frequency of occurence: | Sporadic, Endemic, Epidemic, Pandemic |
| Sporadic | Occurs occasionally |
| Endemic | Constantly present in population (Malaria in Africa) |
| Epidemic | Many people become sick in a short period of time (outbreak of influenza) |
| Pandemic | Global epidemic (AIDS, Avian Influenza) |
| Scope of a disease defined as: | Acute, Chronic, Subacute, Latent |
| Acute | Develops rapidly with short duration |
| Chronic | Develops slowly and lasts longer |
| Subacute | Between Acute and Chronic |
| Latent | Pathogen inactive for a while before causing disease. |
| Herd Immunity | Immunity to a disease in most of the population, May result from vaccination. |
| Local Infection | Affects a small area of the body ( boils, abscesses) |
| Systemic Infection | Throughout the body via circulatory system (Measles) |
| Secondary Infection | Occurs after the body has been weakened by a primary infection (Pheumonia and AIDS) |
| Subclinical or In apparent Infection | Does not display any signs of the disease in host |
| Carrier | People who harbor a disease and transmit to others but do not display any signs of disease themselves. |
| Predisposing Factors | Gender, Climate, Age, Immunocompromised, Fatigue (stress), Genetics, Nutritional Status, Socioeconomic Status. |
| Development of a Disease | Incubation, prodromoal, period of illness, decline, and convalescence. |
| Incubation Period | Time interval between the initial infection and first sign or symptom |
| Prodromal Period | First mild signs and symptoms |
| Period of Illness | Height of Disease |
| Period of Decline | Signs and symptoms decrease. |
| Period of Convalescence | Body returns to prediseased state and health is restored. |
| Reservoirs of Infection | Is a continual source of infection, carriers, zoonoses, soil and water. |
| Zoonoses | Diseases in wild and domestic animals that can be transmitted to humans |
| Transmission by Direct contact | physical contact between SOURCE and SUSCEPTIBLE HOST |
| Transmission by Indirect contact | Fomites (inanimate objects) like and elyptical. |
| Droplet Transmission | Saliva or mucus from coughing or sneezing (airborne via dropper) |
| Vehicle Transmission | Transmission by medium such as water, food, air. |
| Airborne Transmission | Pathogens carried on water droplets or dust for a distance greater than one meter. |
| Mechanical or Biological Transmission | Arthropod VECTORS carry pathogens from one host to another |
| Disease Influenza | O = Influenza virus R = Pigs/birds T = Bite |
| Disease Rabies | O = Lyssavirus R = Small Game T = Bite |
| Disease Anthrax | O = B. anthracis R = Cattle T = Hides/Food |
| Disease Bubonic Plague | O = Y. pestis R = Rodents T = Flea Bites |
| Disease Lyme Disease | O = Leptospiria R = Wild Game T = Tick bites |
| Disease Salmonellosis | O = Salmonella sp R = Poultry/reptiles T = Food/Hands |
| Disease Malaria | O = Plasmodium R = Monkeys T = Mosquito Bites |
| Disease Tapeworm | O = Taenia Solium R = Pigs T = Food undercooked pork |
| Nosocomial Infection | Infection acquired during a course of stay at the hospital. |
| Most common nosocomial infection | UTI's : Urinary Tract Infection |
| Second most common nosocomial infection | Surgery |
Created by:
wevarela
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