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Digestive System Rev
Chapter 24 The Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach | Esophagus |
| Takes part in mixing contractions and peristaltic contractions to mix and coat food and then passes the chyme into the small intestine | Stomach |
| Throat | Pharynx |
| Consists of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum | Small intestine |
| Final exit of the digestive system | Anus |
| Has salivary glands and tonsils as accessory organs | Oral cavity |
| Includes the cecum, colon, rectum and anal canal | Large intestine |
| Swallowing, moving food and liquids from oral cavity into the esophagus | Deglutition |
| Process by which food is chewed by the teeth | Mastication |
| Movement of food from one end of the digestive tract to the other | Propulsion |
| Mixing contractions that occur in the small intestine | Segmental contractions |
| Waves of relaxation/contraction of the circular muscles of the digestive tube | Peristaltic waves |
| Primarily glands that secrete fluids into the digestive tract | Accessory organs |
| The term ___ technically only refers to the stomach and intestines | Gastrointestinal tract |
| Secreted by the oral cavity, stomach, intestine and pancreas and function to break down large food molecules | Enzymes |
| Constrictions that extend over much larger parts of the digestive tract than peristaltic movements | Mass movements |
| Semisolid wastes are eliminated from the digestive tract through a process called ___ | Defecation |
| Major tissue layers of the digestive tract are also called ___ | Tunics |
| Innermost layer of the digestive tract tissue | Mucosa |
| Thick connective tissue layer containing nerves, blood vessels and small glands located just outside the mucosa | Submucosa |
| Containing an inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle | Muscularis |
| When the outer layer of the digestive tract is derived from adjacent connective tissue, the tunic is called the ___ | Adventitia |
| Inflammation of the peritoneal membranes which may result from chemical irritation or infection | Peritonitis |
| Accumulation of excess serous fluid int he peritoneal cavity | Ascites |
| Organs that lie against the abdominal wall and have no mesenteries associated with them | Retroperitoneal |
| Cavity or pocket formed between the two layers of mesentery | Omental bursa |
| Attaches liver to the diaphragm and has a large wide open space in the center where the liver is suspended | Coronary ligament |
| Bad breath | Halitosis |
| Condition in which pus occurs with periodontal disease | Pyorrhea |
| Embedded third molars | Impacted wisdom teeth |
| Frenulum extends too far forward the tip of the tongue | Tongue-tied |
| Inflammation and degradation of the periodontal ligaments, gingival and alveolar bone | Periodontal disease |
| Inflammation of the gums often caused by food deposited in crevices | Gingivitis |
| Tooth decay | Dental caries |
| Baby teeth | Deciduous teeth |
| Back of the throat | Oropharynx |
| Widening of the esophageal opening | Hiatal hernia |
| Phase of swallowing under partial conscious control | Voluntary phase |
| Parasympathetic ganglionic plexus consisting of axons and may scattered cell bodies | Submucosal plexus |
| Consists of the enteric plexus, made up of the enteric neurons within the wall of the digestive tract | Enteric Nervous System (ENS) |
| Control activities within specific, short regions of the digestive tract | Local reflexes |
| Cells called ___, secrete hormones which are carried through the circulation to target organs or tissues of the digestive system | Endocrine cells |
| ___ such as histamines, are released locally within the digestive tract and influence the activity of nearby cells | Paracrine chemicals |
| The CNS, through the ___, controls responses or alters the activity of the ENS and local reflexes | Vagus nerve |
| Normal adults have ___ teeth | Thirty-two |
| Tongue-removal | Glossectomy |
| Space between the cheeks and the teeth | Vestibule |
| Opening from the esophagus into the stomach | Cardiac opening |
| Muscular structures formed mostly by the orbicularis oris | Labia (lips) |
| Mesentery that connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon and posterior body wall | Greater omentum |
| Muscles responsible for protruding and retracting the tongue | Extrinsic tongue |
| Large mucosal folds formed when the stomach is empty are called | Rugae |
| Liver, gallbladder and pancreas are connected via ducts to | Duodenum |
| Painful, burning sensation in the chest usually associated with acid reflux | Pyrosis |
| May result from irritation anywhere along GI tract | Vomiting |
| Numerous lymph nodules located in the mucosa and submucosa of the ileum | Peyer's patches |
| Largest organ/gland in the body | Liver |
| The ___ of nutrients is an important function of the liver | Interconversion |
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SavannahElkins
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