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drugs of abuse
clinical neuro 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| VTA + nucleus accumbens = | reward pathway |
| first area of projection of reward pathway | prefrontal cortex (ie - judgement) |
| drugs that alter perception w/o causing sensation of reward/euphoria | non-addictive drugs of abuse |
| ex's of non-addictive drugs of abuse | PCP?, LSD, ketamine |
| activated 5HT receptors in PFC | LSD |
| inhibit NMDA | PCP and ketamine |
| most commonly abused opioids | morphine, heroin, coedine, oxycodone |
| location of u opiod receptors | GABA neurons |
| location of k opiod receptors | DA neurons |
| opioid w/o severe withdrawl symptoms | codeine |
| opioid receptor that induces euphoria | u receptor |
| reverses effects of heroin and morphine | naloxone |
| long term heroin recovery treatment | methadone |
| synthetic analog of THC | dronabinol |
| MOA of THC | inhibits presynaptic GABA neurons in the VTA |
| withdrawl symtoms of THC | restlessness, irritability, agitation, insomnia, nausea, cramping |
| GHB MOA | agonist at GABAb |
| common use of GHB | date-rape drug? |
| time of maximal concentration of GHB | 30-60 min |
| no addiction or dependence, but repetitive exposure leads to tolerance | hallucinogens |
| withdrawl symptoms of nicotine | irritability and sleeplessness |
| 2 drugs to help with smoking cessation | buprioprion, varenicline |
| BZs MOA | activates GABAa |
| dependence of alcohol evident within | 6-12 hrs of cessation of drinking |
| withdrawal sx of alcohol (6-12 hrs) | tremor, N/V, anxiety, agitation, sweating |
| withdrawal sx of alcohol (24-48 hrs) | generalized seizures |
| withdrawal sx of alcohol (48-71 hrs) | DTs (hallucinations, disorientation, etc) |
| receptors affected by alcohol | GABAa, NMDA, 5HT-3, adenosine reuptake |
| disulfiram MOA | inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, causing N/V & dysphoria |
| can lead to out-of-body &/or near-death experiences | PCP , ketamine |
| recreational inhalants | benzene, toluene, NO |
| cocaine hydrochloride | injected/snorted |
| crack cocaine | free base form of cocaine, can be smoked |
| PNS MOA of cocaine | inhibits voltage gated Na+ channels |
| CNS MOA of cocaine | blocks DA reuptake, NE, and 5HT |
| MDMA | ectasy |
| fosters feelings of intimacy and empathy w/o impairing intellect | MDMA |
| concerns with MDMA use | hyperthermia, dehydration, water intoxication, 5HT syndrome |
| withdrawl sx of MDMA | depression |
| MOA of salvia divinorum | k opiod agonist |
| major sx of salvia divinorum use | uncontrollable laughter, elevated mood, introspection |
| amphetamine/methamphetamine MOA | block NT uptake into vesicles and reduce NT release |
| excess NT in the cytoplasm causes | reversal of transporter, and subsequent release of NT into synapse |
| withdrawl sx of amphetamines | dysphoria, drowsiness, insomnia, irritability |
| method of administration of amphetamines | initially pill form, can be smoked; heavy users may inject |
| MOA of MDMA | binds to 5HT transporter |
| bath salts usually contain | MDPV and/or mephedrone |
Created by:
drhermy
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