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A & P I
Tissues
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the four basic tissue types | Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous |
| what are tissues? | Group of cells of common origin |
| tissues have what in common? | function |
| cells that carry out a specialized activity are called? | tissues |
| Epithelial tissue is found where? | covering and lining and glands |
| what is the function of Connective tissue? | connect, support, filling spaces |
| what is the function of musclar tissue? | generate forces that provide for movement |
| nerves are primarily responsible for what function? | cell-to-cell communication |
| where are cell junctions commonly found? | mostly between epithelial cells |
| what are tight junctions? | transmembrane proteins that fuse the outer surfaces of adjacent plasma membranes |
| tight junctions do what? | forms a water tight seal between adjacent epithelial cells |
| adherens junctions contain what? | plaque |
| what is plaque? | a dense layer of linker proteins on the inside of the plasma membrane that attaches to the cytoskeleton |
| what can form a belt around the cell? | adherens junction |
| what holds epithelial cells together | adherens junction |
| these are common in the epidermis and in cardiac muscle | Desmosomes |
| these prevent cells from separating | Desmosomes |
| these anchors epithelial cells to the basement membrane | Hemidesmosomes |
| These have transmembrane proteins called connexins which form channels(connexons) | Gap Junction |
| this type of junction forms a continuity between the cytosols of adjacent cells | Gap Junction |
| this type of junction allows ions to pass from one cell to the next carrying electrical signals | Gap Junction |
| this type of junction is important in the heart | Gap Junction |
| What are the general Types of Epithelium? | membrane epithelium (covering and lining), Glandular |
| these cells are found arranged in sheets; single or multiple layers | Epithelium |
| This type of tissue has little space between cells | epithelium |
| this type of tissue is avascular, the vessels are in adjacent connective tissue. | Epithelium |
| Apical surface of this type of tissue faces the body surface or the lumen of the hollow organ: | Epithelium |
| The Lateral surface of this type of tissue faces adjacent epithelial cells | Epithelium |
| The basal surface of this tissue attaches cells to the basement membrane | Epithelium |
| What is the Basement Membrane? | A layer of extracellular fibrous and globular protiens |
| this anchors the basal surface of an epithelium to underlying connective tissue | Basement Membrane |
| What are the functions of epithelial tissue? | Protection, Filtration, Secretion, Absorption, Excretion |
| What are the names of the epithelial layers? | Simple, Stratified, Psuedostratified |
| what are the four cell shapes found in epithelium? | Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar, Transitional |
| where is psuedostratified epithelium located? | Respiratory Tract |
| this epithelial tissue is named for the shape of cells at the free surface. | stratified squamos epithelium |
| the cells at or near the base of this tissue may have different shape from those at the surface | stratified squamos epithelium |
| this tissue can be keratinized | stratified squamos epithelium |
| this tissue can be non keratinized | stratified squamos epithelium |
| this epithelial tissue may have nuclei in the upper layer or it may not. | non keratinized stratified squamos epithelium |
| the skin is composed of this tissue | keratinized stratified squamos epithelium |
| The Esophagus is made up of this tissue | non keratinized stratified squamos epithelium |
| The Vagina is made up of this tissue | non keratinized stratified squamos epithelium |
| the urinary system is made of this type of epithelium | Transitional Epithelium |
| this epithelial tissue structure permits stretching | transitional epithelium |
| A single cell or group of cells that secrete substances into a duct, onto a surface or into the blood is a ______. | Gland |
| These can be unicellular or multicellular | Gland |
| These Secrete substances into: ducts, Surfaces, Blood | Gland |
| these can either be Endocrine or Exocrine | Gland |
| this type of gland secretes to surface or lumen | Exocrine gland |
| these are typically multicellular and have ducts | Exocrine gland |
| these are unicellular exocrine glands | Goblet cell |
| Exocrine gland secrete what? | sweat, oil, mucus, enzymes |
| these glands secrete to an extracellular space | endocrine glands |
| these glands are ductless, having lost their ducts during development | endocrine glands |
| these glands secrete their products to the blood stream | endocrine glands |
| what are hormones? | endocrine gland secretions |
| which gland secretes the whole cell (mitosis replaces the lost cell) | Holocrine gland |
| Sebacceous (oil) glands of the skin are the only true example of this gland type | Holocrine gland |
| which gland type discharges secretory product | merocrine |
| most exocrine glands are | merocrine |
| this gland type discharges the apical portion and then the cell is repaired | apocrine |
| this type of tissue consists of cells, cell product and fiber | connective tissue |
| this tissue type has few cells | connective tissue |
| this tissue type is mainly extracellular matrix | connective tissue |
| this tissue type is highly vascular in general | connective tissue |
| this tissue type mainly Binds, supports, strenthens, | connective tissue |
| this tissue type also protects, insulates, repairs | connective tissue |
| this tissue type transports, compartmentalizes, and stores energy | connective tissue |
| this part of connective tissue is usually lost in routine tissue preparations | ground substance |
| Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are an integral part of this: | Ground substance |
| these cells are generally derived from the mesenchyme(the embryonic connective tissue that gives rise to all other connective tissue) | cells of adult connective tissue |
| what tissue group do Fibroblast belong to? | cells of Adult Connective tissue |
| what tissue group do Adipocyte cells belong to? | Cells of Adult connective tissue |
| what tissue group do Chondroblast belong too? | cells of adult connective tissues |
| Mast cells are derived from what cells? | cell derived from bone marrow precursor cells |
| macrophages are derived from what cells? | cells derived from bone marrow precursor cells |
| the general term for what blast cells differentiate into | cytes |
| Fibroblast belong to which connective tissue cell group? | Fixed cells |
| Adipocytes | Fixed cells |
| Mast Cells belong to what connective tissue group | Fixed cells |
| Chondroblasts belong to which connective tissue group? | Fixed cells |
| Osteoblasts belong to which connective tissue cell group? | Fixed cells |
| this is the most common cell in connective tissue | Fibroblast |
| these cells secrete and maintain matrix | fibroblast |
| these cells can become other connective tissue cell types | Fibroblasts |
| this cell can revert back to fibroblast | fibrocyte |
| these connective tissue cells are Large and spherical | Adipose Cell |
| this cell type is signet ringed-shaped | Adipose cell |
| these cells synthesizes and store lipids | Adipose cell |
| this cell has a vacuole of fat | Adipose cell |
| these connective tissue cells are granulated | Mast Cell |
| these connective tissue cells are an Immune Cell | Mast Cell |
| Heparin is stored here | Granule of a mast cell |
| Histamine is stored here | Granule of a mast cell |
| These are descended from bone marrow precursor cells (hint: cell eaters) | Macrophages |
| Osteoclasts belong to this class of connective tissue cells: (hint cell eaters) | Macrophages |
| monocytes belong to what group of connective tissue cells? (hint: cell eater) | Macrophages |
| Microglia belong to this class of connective tissue cell. | Macrophages |
| this is the function of a macrophage | phagocytose cellular 'debris' |
| macrophages do this: | Phagocytose foreign substances |
| these cells migrate to areas of need | Macrophage |
| this is a wandering cell of the connective tissue | plasma cell |
| leukocytes belong to this class of connective tissue cells | wandering cell of connective tissues |
| Lymphocytes belong to this class of connective tissue cells | wandering cells of connective tissue |
| Monocytes belong to this class of connective tissue cells | wandering cells of connective tissue |
| Neutrophils belong to this class of connective tissue cells | wandering cells of connective tissue |
| Eosinophils belong to this class of connective tissue cells | Wandering cells of connective tissue |
| Basophils belong to this class of connective tissue cells | wandering cells of connective tissue |
| these cells accumulate in infected connective tissue | plasma cells |
| these cells are derived from B lymphocytes | plasma cells |
| these cells secrete antibodies | plasma cells |
| Lymphocytes belong to this subclass of connective tissue cells | Leukocytes |
| Monocytes belong to this subclass of connective tissue cells | Leukocytes |
| Neutrophils belong to this subclass of connective tissue cells | Leukocytes |
| Eosinophils belong to this subclass of connective tissue cells | Leukocytes |
| basophils belong to this subclass of connective tissue cells | Leukocytes |
| what is ground substance? | a composition of matrix of connective tissue |
| these are a component of connective tissue matrix. | Protein fibers |
| this is a function of the matrix of connective tissue | Provides structural support and integrity for the connective tissue |
| Hyaluronic acid is a | polysacharide in the ground substance |
| Chondroitin sulfate is a | polysacharide in the ground substance |
| These are collectively referred to as Glycosaminoglycans (GAG's) | Polysaccharides in the Ground substance |
| These components of ground substance are highly negatively charged, very hydrophilic | Polysaccharides in the ground substance |
| These are proteoglycans in the ground substance | Proteins |
| these were formerly called mucopolysaccharides | Proteoglycans in the ground substance |
| these form the core protein of a complex resembling a test-tube brush, with the GAG's projecting from the core | Proteoglycan's in the ground substance |
| Collagen Fibers are a type of what? | Connective tissue fiber |
| Elastic fiber is a type of what? | Connective tissue fiber |
| Reticular Fiber is a type of what? | Connective tissue fiber |
| Inelasticity is a property of these | collagen fibers |
| flexibility is a property of these | collagen fibers |
| these fibers have a tensile strength greater than steel | collagen fibers |
| these fibers are distensible | elastic fibers |
| these fibers will resume their original configuration when tension is released(if not exceeded the threshold limit) | elastic fibers |
| this type of tissue has the alias: Areolar | Loose Connective tissue |
| Elastic Fibers are a part of which connective tissue? | Loose connective tissue |
| Collagen fibers are a part of which connective tissue? | loose connective tissue |
| reticular fibers not generally seen under light microscopy of this connective tissue | loose connective tissue |
| This connective tissue has more fibers than cells | Dense connective tissue |
| this type of connective tissue is located in tendons | Dense regular connective tissue |
| this type of tissue is located in ligaments | dense regular connective tissue |
| this type of connective tissue is locate in aponeuroses | dense regular connective tissue |
| Large Blood Vessels are made up of what connective tissue? | Elastic CT |
| Lung Tissue contains this type of connective tissue | Location of Elastic CT |
| these cells Contain droplets of lipids | Adipose CT |
| these are Flat sheets of pliable tissue that cover part of the body | Membranes |
| An epithelial tissue layer plus an underlying connective tissue layer is a: | Epithelial Membrane |
| One of the three major types of membranes | mucous |
| One of the three major types of membranes (hint starts with an S) | Serous Membrane |
| one of the three major types of membranes (starts with a c) | cutaneous |
| these membranes Line joints | Synovial Membranes |
| these membranes contain connective tissue but no epithelium | Synovial Membranes |
| this type of membrane Lines a body cavity that opens directly to the exterior: digestive tract, respiratory tract, reproductive tract, much of the urinary tract | mucous membrane |
| these membranes provide a barrier that is an important component of the body's defense mechanism | mucous membranes |
| these membrane cells are generally connected by tight junctions | Mucous membranes |
| Mucus-secreting cells such as goblet cells are common in these membranes | mucous membranes |
| This type of membrane Lines a body cavity that does not open directly to the exterior | serous membrane |
| these membranes cover organs that lie within hollow cavities | serous membrane |
| these membranes consists of areolar connective tissue covered by mesothelium(simple squamos epithelium) | serous membrane |
| this membrane has a parietal layer that attaches to the cavity wall | serous membrane |
| this membrane has a Visceral layer that covers and attaches to the organs | serous membrane |
| these membranes Line the cavity of freely moveable joints | synovial membrane |
| these membranes are similar to serous membranes the joint cavities do not open directly to the surface | synovial membrane |
| this membrane is composed of areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers and varying numbers of adipocytes | synovial membrane |
| these membranes do not have an epithelial layer | synovial membranes |
| This group of disorders are diseases in which the body produces antibodies which fail to distinguish self from non-self, and attack body's own tissues. (Connective tissues) | Autoimmune disorders |
| Examples of this type of disorder are Rheumatoid arthritis (the most common autoimmune disorder), multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and systemic lupus erythematosus | Autoimmune Disorders |
| These disorders often affect multiple body systems because connective tissue is abundant and widespread in the body. | Autoimmune Disorders |
Created by:
armypa
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