Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Human Genetics Vocab
Biology Human Genetics Vocabulary Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chromosome map | A diagram of allele positions on a chromosome |
| Deletion | A mutation in which a segment of DNA breaks off a chromosome |
| Frame shift mutation | A mutation that results in misreading of the code during translation because of a change in the reading frame |
| Germ-cell mutation | A change in the DNA of a sex cell |
| Inversion | A mutation that occurs when a chromosome piece breaks off and reattaches in reverse orientation |
| Lethal mutation | A mutation that causes death before birth |
| Linkage group | The group of genes located on the same chromosome that are usually inherited together |
| Map unit | A unit in chromosome mapping equal to a 1 percent occurrence of crossing-over |
| Nondisjunction | The failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis or the failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis |
| Point mutation | The change of a single nitrogen containing base within a codon |
| Sex linkage | The presence of a gene on a sex chromosome |
| Sickle cell anemia | A disease caused by abnormally shaped hemoglobin molecules and creates impaired blood circulation and organ damage |
| Somatic mutation | A mutation that occurs in a body cell |
| Substitution | A point mutation in which one nucleotide in a codon is replaced with a different nucleotide |
| Translocation | A mutation in which a broken piece of chromosome attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome |
| X-Linked Gene | A gene found on the X chromosome |
| Y-Linked Gene | A gene found on the Y-chromosome |
| Amniocentesis | A procedure used in fetal diagnosis in which the fetal cells are removed from the amniotic fluid |
| Carrier | Individuals who have one copy of a recessive autosomal allele and do not express a trait but pass it on to their offspring |
| Chorionic villi sampling | A procedure involving the analysis of the chorionic villi to diagnose fetal blood types |
| Colorblindness | An individual cannot distinguish between certain colors |
| Down syndrome | A disorder caused by an extra twenty-first chromosome and characterized by a number of physical and mental abnormalities |
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy | A form of muscular dystrophy that weakens and progressively destroys muscle tissue |
| Genetic counseling | The process of informing a couple about their genetic makeup which has the potential to affect their offspring |
| Genetic disorder | A disease that has a genetic basis |
| Genetic marker | A short section of DNA that indicates the presence of an allele that codes for a trait |
| Genetic screening | An examination of a person’s genetic make up |
| Hemophilia | A trait in which the blood lacks a protein that is essential for clotting |
| Huntington’s disease | A human genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele resulting in involuntary movements mental deterioration |
| Monosomy | A condition in a diploid cell in which one chromosome of one pair is missing as a result of nondisjunction during meiosis |
| Multiple-allele trait | A trait controlled by three or more alleles |
| Pattern of inheritance | Phenotypes are inherited in a predictable pattern from one generation to the next |
| Pedigree | A diagram of the genetic history of an individual that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations |
| Pheylketonuria | A genetic disorder in which the body cannot metabolize phenylalanine |
| Polygenic trait | A trait controlled by multiple genes |
| Sex-influenced trait | A trait that is influenced by the presence of male or female sex hormones |
| Single-allele trait | A trait controlled by a single allele |
| Trisomy | A chromosomal anomaly in which an individual has an extra chromosome in any of the chromosome pairs |
| Trisomy-21 | Down syndrome |
Created by:
jmglbrt
Popular Biology sets