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CUI BIO Test 3

QuestionAnswer
What is SCNT? Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
What is differentiation? Cells become specialized and only use specific parts of their DNA
What does being differentiated mean? Cells that are highly specialized or differentiated are generally unable to switch specializations
What is implantation? The attachment of the fertilized egg or blastocyst to the wall of the uterus at the start of pregnancy
What is a zygote? A fertilized egg
What is morula? A mass of cells
What is a blastocyst? Hallow of ball with inner cell mass
What are the two parts of a blastocyst? Inner cell mass Trophoblast
What does the inner cell mass produce? Baby
What does the trophoblast produce? Placenta
What is IVF? In Vitro Fertilization
What is In Vitro Fertilization? A type of cloning Fertilization outside of a living organism Test tube baby
What are embryonic stem cells? Pluripotent stem cells from a embryo
What are adult stem cells? Specialized stem cells from an adult
What is totipotent? Ability to give rise to almost any cell type, embryonic and adult
What is pluripotent? Capable of giving rise to most tissue types but not embryonic membranes
What is multipotent? Can give rise to a type of cell
What is therapeutic cloning? (Stem cell) SCNT Take egg from female, enucleate it, and then insert nucleolus from somatic cell into the egg. Electrically stimulate it and the cell will begin to divide and act like an embryo
What is reproductive cloning? SCNT produces baby
What are the three sources of blastocysts? In vitro? In vivo?
What is genetic engineering? Both strands of DNA can be cut at specific sequences by enzyms called restriction enzyms. Both sides of the ladder are physically broken. Another enzym, DNA ligase, can be used to glue 2 pieces of double stranded DNA back together again
What is DNA Ligase? Enzym that is used during genetic engineering to clue two pieces of double stranded DNA back together again
What are restriction enzyms? Enzyms used to cut DNA strands in genetic engineering
What are transgenic organisms? AKA GMO Genetically modified organisms This includes any organism that has been engineered to contain DNA from another organism
What is gene therapy? Cells are taken from a defective gene, the DNA is fixed in vitro and the cells are put back into the people. Fixing few cells at a time isn't usually sufficiant
What are genomes? All DNA that makes up a person DNA sequence
What is brackish? Salt water and fresh water mixed in an estuary
What do ducks eat? Plants
What do shorebirds eat? Invertebrates
What do egrets/herons eat? Small fish
What do hawks/osprey eat? Small animals
Created by: JamesBogert
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