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cancer chpt 16
Question | Answer |
---|---|
CA is what? | an abnormal cellular growth, a DNA mutuation, which forms a clone & abnormally proliferates IGNORING GROWTH REGULATING SIGNALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT, they infiltrate tissues, get into the lymph & blood & METASTASIZW |
According to cellular equilibrium, cellular proliferation= what? | cell death |
CA cells do not respond to intracellular regulating signals, and divide how? | divide indiscriminately |
At the time of mitosis, how many cells can CA cells produce? | > 2 @ a time |
what's the difference between the young and elderly in regards to cell growth? | cells of the young are accelerated for growth, where as for the elderly it is only to meet body's demand |
How does the body repair mutant cells? | Apoptosis (cell suicide), a good thing |
Do CA cells go through apoptosis? | No |
What do CA cells ignore? | contact inhibition |
what is hyperplasia | benign; an increase in the # of cells in a tissue, usually during rapid growth (BPH, women who breastfeed) |
what is Metaplasia? | reversible, precancerous- when one type of matture cells turns into another type of cell (Barret's esophagus changes from one cell-type to another) |
what is dysplasia? | 1st stage CA/precancerous; bizarre cell growth resulting in cells w/different sizes, shapes & arrangement from cells of the same type of tissue (PAP smear is stage 1 & curable) |
what is anaplasia? | malignant, last stage CA; cells that lack normal characteristics & differ in shape/organization from cells of origin |
what is neoplasia? | can be benign; uncontrolled cell growth which follows no physiological demand |
what are 2 types of genes which can be affected by mutations? | 1)protooncogenes; normally promote normal cell responses for regular growth 2)tumor suppressor genes; suppress (unneccesary) growth |
what does poorly differentiated mean? | close to mother cell- bad |