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Late Adulthood
Journey Across the Life Span: Human Development and Health Promotion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Three periods in old age | *young old- 65-74 *the old- 75-90 *very old- 90 and older |
| Fasting growing group of people in the US | Elderly |
| Life Span | Maximum number of years that a species is capable of surviving |
| When does aging process begin? | At conception |
| Aging | A normal, inevitable, progressive process that produces irreversible changes over an extended time. |
| Senescence | The symptoms of normal aging |
| Common Myths About Aging (old people) | -Are senile -Live alone, isolated -Ill -Victims of crime -Live in insitutional settings -Set in ways, will not change -Unhappy -No interest in sex -Poverty |
| Gerontology | Study of aging |
| Biological Theories | *Attempt to explain the physical changes that accompany aging -Clockwork Theory -Free-Radical Theory -Wear-and-Tear Theory -Immune-System-Failure Theory -Autoimmune Theory |
| Clockwork Theory | Connective-tissue cells have an internal clock that is genetically programmed to stop cell reproduction after so many reproductions. This "clock" determines the length of ones life. |
| Free-Radical Theory | A theory of aging that state that highly unstable molecules contribute to the aging process. |
| Antioxidants | Precent the formation of free radicals and are considered important dietary substances...Vitamins C, E |
| Wear-and-Tear Theory | After repeated injury cells wear out and cease to fxn...metabloic wastes products accumulate over time and deprive cells of their nutrition and cause them to malfunction. |
| Immune-System-Failure Theory | The decline in the immune functions cause the body to slow its responses to foreign invaders, making elderly more susceptible to both major and minor infections. |
| Autoimmune Theory | Aging is related to the bodys weakening immune system, which fails to recognize its own tissues and may destroy itself.. |
| Psychosocial Theories | Attempt to explain how aging affects socializaiton and life satisfaction |
| Disengagement Theory | Society and the individual gradually withdraw or disengage from each other. |
| Activity Theory | Individuals achieve satisfaction from life by maintaining a high level of social activity and involvement. |
| Continuity-Developmental Theory | Views each person as a unique individual with a distinct personality. Belief that a persons personality and pattern of belief ramain unchanged with aging. |
| Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) | used to improve circulation and blood flow to brain |
| Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) | used to prevent or treat prostate enlargement by helping to shrink the prostate gland. |
| St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) | is recommended for reliefe of stress, anxiety, and depression. |
| Evening primose (Oneothera biennis) | is recommended to treat signs and symptons of menopause and dry skin. |
| Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) | is used to reduce signs and symptons of menopause |
| Chondroitin sulfate and Glucosamine | used to help maintain caritlage |
| Celery seed (Apium graveolens) | is used to treat gout and arthritis. |
| Garlic (Allium sativum) | is recommended to reduce blood pressure and cholesterol and to prevent blood clots |
| Vitamin E | recommended to help prevent heart attacks and may prevent dementia |
| Vitamin C | has long been touted for its usefulness in reducing the severity of colds. |
| Atrophy | Shrinking of body fat |
| Trunk length _______ as spinal curvature ________, and the intervertebral disks compact | decreases, increases |
| After age 30, adults lose | 1 centimeter per decade |
| Older adults have ___% fewer cells than younger adults | 30 |
| Postmenopausal lose this at a faster rate than men do (putting woman at a greater risk for osteoporosis) | Bone Mass |
| Kyphosis | exaggerated curvature of the spinem or the typical dowagers hump |
| Less elastic in elder people | tendons and ligaments |
| Lipofuscin | a pigmented metabolic waste product |
| Loss of elasticity in blood vessels, accumulation of collagen and lipfuscin, results in narrowing of the vessel ______ | lumen (diamter) - which causes an increase in blood pressure |
| Diet, weight, stress levels are more of a cause of this rather than age | Increased BP |
| Decrease in cardiac output 1 percent per year occurs between ages | 20 and 80 |
| Risks for Osteoporosis | Female, Low body weight, Smoking... |
| Best type of exercise to maximise cardiac function | Walking |
| Increased pressure on a weak vessel leads to | Varicosities |
| Calcification of the rib cage and costal cartilage... | Makes chest wall more rigid and less compliant |
| Between ages 20 and 60 | 1 liter of vital capacity is lost..lungs exhale less efficiently, causing an increase in the residual volume |
| Residual Volume | amount of air remaining in the lungs after forceful exhalation |
| Xerostomia | dry mouth, amount of salivia decreases |
| Dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| Places an older person at a risk for aspiration | diminished gag reflex |
| Peristalsis | muscle movement that propels food through the GI system |
| Integumentary system | consists of the skin, hair, nails, oil, sweat glands |
| Homeostasis | internal balance |
| Senile lentigo | Irregular pigmentation |
| Pruritus | Itching |
| Keratosis | thickening (pressure ulcers, skin cancer) |
| Presbyopia | loss of the eyes ability to focus |
| opacity | clouding of the lens |
| presbycusis | hearing loss |
| cerumen | ear wax |
| tinnitus | ringing |
| Sexual relationships | Older people enjoy this - affection and pleasure seeking behaviors are important..men need more stimulation to reach erection, women need creams and lubes because of dryness |
| Ego integrity | a life puzzle which all the pieces fit together- usually feel satisfied with their life |
| reminiscence (life review) | reassures older people about their accomplishments and worth- allows an elderly person to weave his or her life together...giving meaning |
Created by:
ballenx
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