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Central Visual Paths

Lecture 3 Vision Burns

QuestionAnswer
Images from the superior visual field project to which part of the retina? The inferior half of the retina (and vice versa)
Images from the nasal visual field project to which part of the retina? The temporal half of the retina (and vice versa)
When do ganglion cells of the retina become myelinated? Once they penetrate the sclera and become associated with oligodendroglial cells.
What is swelling of the optic nerve called? Papilledema
Trace the retino-geniculo-calcarine pathway Retina --> Optic chiasm (optic nerve) --> lateral geniculate nucleus (lateral tracts) --> visual cortex (optic radiations)
Fibers from what part of the retina cross in the optic chiasm to reach the lateral geniculate nucleus? The nasal hemi-retina (i.e. the temporal visual field)
Fibers from what part of the retina DO NOT cross in the optic chiasm to reach the lateral geniculate nucleus? The temporal hemi-retina (i.e. the nasal visual field)
What fibers do the optic tract contain? The uncrossed ispilateral temporal hemi-retina and the crossed contralateral nasal hemi-retina
Which layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus do axons from the ipsilateral temporal retina terminate in? 2, 3, and 5
Which layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus do axons from the contralateral nasal retina terminate in? 1, 4, and 6
Which layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus are magnocellular? What do magnocellular layers process? 1 and 2. Concerned with movement, contrast, and location.
Which layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus are parvocellular? What do parvocellular layers process? 3 through 6. Concerned with color, form, and fine visual detail.
Input into the lateral geniculate nucleus is monocular or binocular? Monocular
What type of fibers are contained in the optic radiations? Parallel fibers from ALL layers of the ipsilateral lateral geniculate nucleus
What part of the visual field does the superior optic radiation carry? What part of the brain does it travel through? Carries information from superior retinal quadrants (i.e. inferior visual quadrant). It travels through the parietal lobe.
What part of the visual field does the inferior optic radiation carry? What part of the brain does it travel through? Carries information from inferior retinal quadrants (i.e. superior visual quadrant). It travels through the temporal lobe (i.e. meyer's loop)
The superior optic radiation travels ipsi/contra to the superior/inferior visual cortex? The ipsilateral superior visual cortex
The inferior optic radiation travels ipsi/contra to the superior/inferior visual cortex? The ipsilateral inferior visual cortex
Input to lateral geniculate neurons to visual cortex are mono/binocular? Monocular
Which cortical layer is most prominent in the visual cortex? Layer 4
Projections from the primary visual cortex that predominantly parvocellular form- The ventral (temporal lobe) stream
Projections from the primary visual cortex that predominantly magnocellular form- The dorsal (parietal lobe) stream
What visual deficit would a patient have in response to lesion of the R. optic nerve Monocular blindness of the R. eye
What visual deficit would a patient have in response to lesion of the L. optic nerve Monocular blindness of the L. eye
What visual deficit would a patient have in response to lesion of the optic chiasm? Bitemporal hemianopsia-loss of vision in both L. and R. temporal visual fields
What visual deficit would a patient have in response to lesion of the R. optic tract? Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia- loss of vision in L. visual field of each eye (i.e. R. nasal visual field and L. temporal visual field) RECALL visual field is flipped in retina
What visual deficit would a patient have in response to lesion of the L. optic tract? Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia- loss of vision in R. visual field of each eye (i.e. L. nasal visual field and R. temporal visual field)RECALL visual field is flipped in retina
What visual deficit would a patient have in response to lesion of the R. lateral geniculate nucleus? Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia- loss of vision in L. visual field of each eye (i.e. R. nasal visual field and L. temporal visual field) RECALL visual field is flipped in retina
What visual deficit would a patient have in response to lesion of the L. lateral geniculate nucleus? Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia- loss of vision in R. visual field of each eye (i.e. L. nasal visual field and R. temporal visual field)RECALL visual field is flipped in retina
What visual deficit would a patient have in response to lesion of the L. inferior optic radiation? Contralateral inferior quadrantanopsia- loss of vision in the contralateral superior quadrants of both L. and R. eyes
What visual deficit would a patient have in response to lesion of the R. superior optic radiation? Contralateral inferior quadrantanopsia- loss of vision in the contralateral inferior quadrants of both L. and R. eyes
What visual deficit would a patient have in response to lesion of the R. visual cortex? Contralateral homonymous hemiapopsia with macular sparing- loss of vision in left visual field
What visual deficit would a patient have in response to lesion of the L. visual cortex? Contralateral homonymous hemiapopsia with macular sparing- loss of vision in right visual field
Superior Colliculus: Afferents and Efferents Main afferents from contralateral ganglion cells of the retina as well as from primary visual cortex, somatosensory system, etc. Efferents to cervical spinal cord (tectospinal), pulvinar nucleus, reticular formation (AROUSAL) and inferior colliculus
Pretectal Nuclei: Afferents and Efferents Bilateral projections from retinal ganglion cells to pretectal nuclei. Bilateral efferents to Edinger-Westphal nucleus
Retina to Hypothalamus: Afferents and Efferents Retinal ganglion cells to suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Suprachiasmatic nucleus project to the paraventricular nucleus, which projects to medial horn sympathetic spinal neurons, which project to the pineal gland and releases melatonin.
Created by: bloodisland
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