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Bacteria&Viruses

Chapter 18 Review: Bacteria and Viruses

QuestionAnswer
"Prokaryotic" literally means... Without a nucleus
What gives the virus it's structure? Protein Capsid
The cell walls of Eukaryotes contain ___ Peptidoglycan
A dormant cell produced by bacteria in order to withstand harsh environmental changes... Endospore
Viruses require a(n) ___ in order to replicate. Host Cell
The process by which enzymes convert nitrogen gas into useful compounds is called ___ Nitrogen Fixation
A "proteinaceous infectious particle" Prion
Newly formed virus exits the cell by means of a vacuole and is released into the external environment Exocytosis
Viruses exit the cell and as a result the cell bursts Lysis
Extremophile which thrives in very salty environments, such as the dead sea Halophile
Extremophile which thrives in very hot, acidic environments Thermoacidophile
Extremophile which thrives in environments with low oxygen concentration Methanogens
After the invention of the ___, we were finally able to study bacteria in depth. Electron Microscope
Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease is a ___ disease. Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy
Covers the outside of a bacterial cell wall Capsule
Division of a bacterial cell into two genetically identical cells Binary Fission
Host cell makes copies of the viral RNA or DNA and packages them into capsids for release. Lytic Cycle
Viral DNA is integrated into the host cell's genetic material Lysogenic Cycle
Study the natural history of viruses and the disease they cause Virologist
Widely diffused or prevalent Widespread
Most bacteria are actually ___, contrary to popular belief Beneficial
The bacteria that normally inhabit your body are referred to as the ___. Normal Flora
Step of viral replication by which new viral particles are put together Assembly
Step of viral replication by which host cell makes more viral DNA and proteins Replication
Step of viral replication during which viral DNA becomes part of the host cell chromosome Integration
Step of viral replication during which viral DNA enters the host cell Entry
Step of viral replication during which the virus comes into contact with the host cell membrane Attachment
Step of viral replication during which new viruses leave the host cell Release
One spoonful of soil contains more than 100 ___ bacteria Million
A human has ___ more bacterial cells living on the body than body cells 10x
More than ___ different viruses are known to infect humans Three hundred
The ___ in Utah is 'crawling' with halophilic archaea Great Salt Lake
The ___ in archaea are similar to those of Eukaryotic cells Ribosomal proteins
Round, spherical cell shape Coccus
Long, spiral cell shape Spirochetes
Pill-like cell shape Bacillus
Area within a bacterial cell where the chromosome(s) is/are found Nucleoid
Submicroscopic, hairlike structures that are made of protein Pili
Although some prokaryotes are stationary, other use ___ for movement Flagella
Scientists classify bacteria according to the composition of their ___ Cell walls
Bacteria with a lipid envelope around their cell wall will stain light pink and are referred to as ___ Gram Negative
Bacteria without a lipid envelope surrounding their cell wall will stain dark purple and referred to as Gram Positive
Two prokaryotes share genetic material via a pilus Conjugation
Anaerobic prokaryotes do not use ___ for growth and metabolism Oxygen
___ aerobes require oxygen to grow Obligate
___ anaerobes die in the presence of oxygen Obligate
___ anaerobes can grow with or without oxygen Facultative
Autotrophs that break down and release inorganic compounds in their metabolism Chemoautotrophs
Autotrophs that conduct photosynthesis Photoautotrophs
Created by: SavannahElkins
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