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Pharm Key Terms.
68WM6 Exam 9 Intro to Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood stream for distribution to the tissues. | Absorption |
| Drug interaction in which two or more drugs with similar actions is equivalent to the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone. Example: propoxyphene + acetaminophen (Darvon) = added analgesic effect. | Additive effect |
| any unexpected, unintended, undesired response to medications. (allergic reaction, idiosyncratic) | Adverse reactions |
| unpredictable, hypersensitivity response to a medication; make up 5-10% of all medication reactions. | Allergic reactions |
| another type of allergic drug reaction manifested by the collection of fluid in subcutaneous tissues. Areas mostly commonly affected are the eyelids, lips, mouth, and throat. | Angioedema |
| Drug interaction in which one drug interferes with the action of another. Example: tetracycline + antacid = decreased absorption of the tetracycline. | Antagonistic effect |
| the transport of a drug by the blood stream to its site of action. | Distribution |
| single prescribed amount of a drug given at one time. | Dose |
| amount of medication prescribed for the client by the physician. | Drug dosage |
| the length of time the concentration of a drug in the blood or tissues is sufficient to elicit a therapeutic response. | Duration of action |
| process by which drugs are eliminated from the body, primarily through the kidneys. | Excretion |
| time required for the body to eliminate 50% of a given drug. | Half-life |
| rare and unpredictable effects in which a particular client overreacts or under reacts to a medication or had a reaction different from normal. | Idiosyncratic reactions |
| The characteristic that causes two parenteral drugs or solutions to undergo a reaction when mixed or given together that results in the chemical deterioration of at least one of the drugs. Signs are haziness, precipitate, or a change in color. | Incompatibility |
| the amount of drug that will cause death. | Lethal dose |
| the largest amount of a drug that can be given safely | Maximum dose |
| When one medication modifies the action of another medication. May produce a totally different effect than the expected effect of either drug. May be beneficial or harmful. | Medication interactions |
| process by which a drug is converted by the liver to inactive compounds through a series of chemical reactions. | Metabolism |
| the smallest amount of a drug that produces a therapeutic effect. | Minimal dose |
| time required for the drug to elicit a therapeutic response. | Onset of action |
| time required for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response. | Peak effect |
| study of drugs and their action on the living body. | Pharmacology |
| from administration of the drug, disintegration of dosage form, and dissolution of drug in the body. | Pharmaceutical phase |
| absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (what the body does to the drug molecules) | Pharmicokinetic phase |
| what the drug does to the body. | Pharmacodynamics |
| Drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs with similar actions is greater than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone. 1+1 is greater than 2. | Synergistic effect |
| expected or predictable physiological response that a medication causes. | Therapeutic effects |
| the amount of drug that produces signs and symptoms of poisoning. | Toxic dose |
| may develop after prolonged intake of a medication or when a medication accumulates in the blood because of impaired metabolism or excretion. | Toxic effects |
| the lowest concentration of a drug reached in the body after if falls from its peak level; usually measured in a blood sample just before next scheduled dose for therapeutic drug monitoring. | Trough level |
| Description of the chemical composition and molecular structure of the drug. Name is not capitalized. The chemical name is important to the chemist Rarely used in clinical practice | Chemical name |
| (nonproprietary) assigned by the manufacturer that first develops the drug before it becomes official. Used in most official drug compendium listings Name is not capitalized. More common to see name in the hospital setting. | Generic name |
| Brand name (proprietary) is the drug’s registered trademark, given by the manufacturer First letter is capitalized. Brand name is more commonly used in the community. Name is usually followed by the trademark symbol: © or ™. | Trade name |
| Disease state they are used to treat. Antacids. Antibiotics. Antihypertensives. | Clinical indication |
| Drug’s physiological action within the body. Anti-cholinergics Proton-pump inhibitors Calcium-channel blockers | Mechanism of action |
| Central nervous system. Cardiovascular system. Gastrointestinal system. | Body system |
| The FDA assigns the drug to one of three categories: Prescription Drugs. Non-prescription Drugs. Controlled Substances. | Drug categories |
| Largest category of drugs. | Prescription drugs. |
| over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. | Non-prescription drugs |
| Drugs that have a high possibility for abuse or addiction. | Controlled substances. |
| High abuse potential. No accepted medical use. Examples: Heroine, Marijuana, and LSD. | Schedule I |
| Potential for high abuse with severe dependence. Examples: HYDROCODONE. (Trade Names: Vicodin®, Lortab®, Lorcet®, Hycodan®, Vicoprofen®). | Schedule II |
| Less abuse potential than Schedule II drugs. Potential for moderate dependence. Example: Anabolic steroids. | Schedule III |
| Less abuse potential than Schedule III drugs. Limited dependency potential. Examples: Alprazolam (trade name Xanax) | Schedule IV |
| Limited abuse potential. Examples: small amounts of narcotics (codeine) used as antitussive or antidiarrheals. | Schedule V |
| a tablet that has an elongated shape like a capsule and is coated for ease of swallowing. | Caplets |
| a tablet that has an indentation or marking that allows you to break the tablet into halves or quarters. | Scored Tablet |
| a tablet with a special coating that protects them from the effects of gastric secretions and prevents them from dissolving in the stomach. They are dissolved and absorbed in the intestines. | Enteric Coated Tablet |
| designed to be placed under the tongue, where they dissolve in saliva and the medication is absorbed. | Sublingual Tablet |
| a form of medication that contains a powder, liquid, or oil enclosed in a hard or soft gelatin. | Capsules |
| alcohol solution that is sweet and aromatic. | Elixir |
| medication dissolved in concentrated solution of sugar and water. | Syrup |
| one or more drugs finely divided into a liquid such as water. | Suspension |
| Generally aqueous preparations, used as soothing agents | Lotions |
| oil-based semisolid medication Ex NTG | Ointments |
| semisolid, non-greasy emulsion for external application | Creams |
| Medication is applied to external surface of the skin. | Topical |
| contained in a patch or disk applied topically to the skin, slowly released and absorbed. (nitro, clonodine, nicoderm). | Transdermal |
| Right medication. Right Dose. Right Time. Right Route. Right Patient. Right Documentation. | The six rights |
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