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Exam #3 Review
Chapter 12-17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What factors primarily control the circulation of gyres (smaller currents in each ocean basin) in the ocean? | Winds |
| What factors control the shape of the global circulation pattern between different ocean basins? | Winds, Water density controlled by salinity and temperature and Location of continents |
| What is the main factor that controls the surface circulation in the ocean? | Winds |
| What factors change with depth in the ocean? | Temperature, Density and Salinity |
| What is the primary factor that controls local climate? | Ocean water temperature |
| What is the primary factor that can change large scale global ocean water circulation patterns? | Location of continents |
| What causes tides? | Gravitational pull of the sun and moon |
| What is the primary cause of waves? | Winds |
| When does water actually move with the waves? | In shallow water where the wave base is touching the sea floor and the wave "breaks" |
| What is the best way to make really big waves? | Have consistent winds from the same direction, Have the winds travel over a vary large area of open water (like a large ocean) or Have a wide area of shallow seafloor along the coast in which the waves can "break" |
| You are standing on a nice wide sandy beach. What is most likely happening here? | More sediment is being deposited than eroded |
| What happens when you try to build groins to prevent sediment from being removed from one part of a coast by longshore transport? | You increase deposition at that location, but you increase erosion elsewhere |
| What controls erosion on a shore? | Amount of sediment being deposited on the shore, The size of the waves hitting the shore, and The kind of rock or sand that makes up the shore |
| Where did the earth's atmosphere originally come from? | Volcanoes and comets |
| Where did the oxygen in the earth's atmosphere come from? | Plants |
| What best describes the composition of the earth's atmosphere? | It has multiple layers that each block a different type of radiation |
| What does the atmosphere do for us? | Blocks harmful solar radiation, Gives us oxygen and Controls the temperature of the earth |
| What is relative humidity? | The amount of water that the air is holding at a given temperature compared to how much water it can hold at that temperature |
| How do you increase the amount of water a given volume of air can hold? | Increase the temperature |
| What is the best way to make precipitation happen in a given volume of air? | Lower the temperature |
| How can you get an air mass to rise? | Heat it, push it over a mountain or push it into another air mass that is more dense |
| What does the Coriollis effect do to wind in the Northern Hemisphere? | Make it deviate to the right |
| Which form of extreme weather normally kills the most people and is least understood? | Temperature (Hot and Cold) |
| What causes wind? | Air moving from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure |
| What causes a single isolated thunderstorm to develop? | Warm humid air rising and then cooling |
| What scenario is most likely to cause a long line of strong thunderstorms? | A cold front moving into a warm air mass |
| What conditions set the stage for a tornado to form? | A large thunderstorm cell that has started to rotate |
| What causes "lake effect" snow in Cleveland? | Cold dry air moving south from Canada picks up warmer moist air from Lake Erie (while it is not frozen) and then moves over cold land again |
| What causes lightning? | Electrical discharge between negatively charged clouds and the positively charged ground |
| What ingredients are necessary for a hurricane to form? | An area where low pressure is developing because warm moist air is rising, Lots of water, and Lots of heat from the sun |
| We looked at a map of the earth that showed rain and clouds forming in several separate bands. What causes these bands? | Air circulation caused by several convection cells in the earth's atmosphere due to heating by the sun at the equator |
| Why are there three convection cells (Hadley Cell, Ferrel Cell, and Polar Cell) between the Earth's poles and the equator instead of just one big one? | The earth's rotation causes the Coriolis Effect to separate them into several cells sue to deflection. |
| What defines climate for a specific area? | The general kind of weather over several years and the plants living there |
| How do we know the climate is getting warmer in the arctic? | Fewer polar bears, glaciers are shrinking, and the average temperature is increasing |
| What historical records do we have to tell us about climate change in the last 150 years or so? | Actual measurements of temperature, photos of glaciers through time, and records of polar bear populations |
| What can we use to tell us about climate change a thousand years ago? | Tree rings, oxygen isotopes, air bubbles trapped in glaciers, and lake sediments |
| What are ways in which we can change our global climate? | Put greenhouse gasses, industrial pollution, and materials that destroy the ozone layer into the atmosphere |
| What are natural process that can change our global climate? | Changing locations of the continents due to plate tectonics and cyclical changes in the Earth's orbit |
| Can melting glaciers change climate and why? | Yes - They cool and dilute ocean water which can then change global ocean circulation patterns which control climate |
| What are some possible effects of increased global temperatures? | Higher sea level and increased coastal erosion, Changes in weather patterns and Reduction of useful farmland |
Created by:
Chaunte
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