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Botany
Test 3 Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reticulate Venation | found in angiosperms, main branch -> into veinlets e.g. bean, maple |
| Heterotrophs | living organisms - can not manufacture their own food. Depend on other organisms for survival. e.g. euglenophyta (protista) |
| Theoprastus | Father of Botany, Student of Aristotle |
| Edward Jenner | First developed vaccinations in 1796 for COWPOX immunity to smallpox |
| Bacteriophage | Virus infecting bacteria - Has a; Head, capsule, and tail with 6 spider like legs |
| Plasmids | 30-60 separate DNA rings cytoplasm of bacteria |
| Bacilli | Rod Shaped Bacteria e.g. lactobacillus |
| Methane Bacteria | archaebacteria - economically important - methane gas - as fuel |
| Legionnaires Disease | respiratory disease caused from bacteria found in air conditioning system |
| cyanobacteria | blue-green bacteria - prokaryotic oxygen producers and nitrogen fixers |
| RedTide | dinoflagellates of Pyrrophyta. toxin released by gymnodium gonaulyux -> kills the fish |
| spirogyra | spirally arranged chloroplast belongs to chlorophyta - eukaryotic cell |
| club fungi | belongs to bascidomycola |
| diatoms | plant like structure - chrysophyta silica in cell walls marine-circular freshwater-oval |
| chytrids | fungi belongs to - chytridomycetes parasite on skin of frogs |
| deuteromycetes | imperfect fungi(sexual cycle not reported) e.g. penicillium |
| temepeh | food made from bread mold (rhizophus) |
| ascomycetes | sac fungi like peziza and yeast are examples |
| bascidia | reproductive structure of bascidiomycota(mushroom) contains spores -> bascidiospores |
| aspergillus | belongs to deutermycetes causes ringworm and athletes foot |
| lichens | algal + fungal symbiotic association in a "thallus" like plant body |
| pencillin | antibiotic extracted from the penicillium mold |
| Soredia | reproductive structure of lichens power mass of algae + hyphae |
| Fucus | brown algae belongs to phacophyta fucoxanthin pigment separate and both sexes |
| agar-agar | white jelly like substance extracted from Gelidium -> red algae(rhodophyta) |
| Lactobacillus acidpillus | milk + milk product digesting bacteria found in human digestive tract |
| paramylum bodies | stored food in the form of starch, seen in euglenoids(euglena) |
| inflorescense | flower which exists as a multiple florets e.g. barley, wheat |
| pepo | a true berry. - exocarp is thick leathery rind e.g. cucumber, pumpkin |
| procambium | meristematic tissue which produces primary xylem and phloem |
| hyphae | interwinded mass of threads found in fungi may branch or fuse |
| phycobilin | red colored pigment found in red algae photosynthetic in function |
| gas bladder | brown algae - filled with air, helps plant float e.g. kelp, fucus |
| sclerenchyma | dead ground tissue found in plants for strength and support-> fibers and sclerides e.g. stone cells of pears |
| bulliform cells | water storing cells foudn in leaf epidermis of monocots e.g. corn |
| nucleoid | DNA without membrane. seen in bacteria - prokaryotic cells |
| trigylcerides | lipid molecule exists fatty acids + glycerol |
| Plasma membrane | living limiting membrane of cells. controls composition of cells |
| endoplasmic reticulum | internal membranous system found in cytoplasm. controls transport of molecules and acts as skeletal system |
| Kinetochore | deep staining structure found within the centromere of chromosome spindle fibers are attached here |
| cellulose | polysaccharide - 2000 glucose units - found in cell walls of plants |
| pericarp | wall of ovary develops in pericarp -> meso exo and endo |
| vivipary | germination of seeds without dormancy |
| hard and soft wood | hard wood - angiosperms - vessel elements + trachieds soft wood - gymnosperms - tracheids + resin canals |
| leaf abscission | auxin inhibitor the leaf fall - done to eliminate waste material |
| root hair cells | cytoplasmic extensions of epidermis -> 2500/sq in |
| haustoria | foot of fungi - infecting plants |
| xeromorphic leaves | leaves of desert plants - cacti - have leathery skin and sunken stomata |
| plant viral diseases | leaf curls of cotton. leaf necrosis. tobacco masaic virus |
| fruiticose lichens | shrub like lichen hanging from plants |
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