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Histology (1st Exam)
1st Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| That branch of anatomy that deals with external form and internal organization of both plants and animals | Anatomy |
| Microscopies are classified by the type of light source used. What is this called? | Resolution |
| Name the visible light scopes. There are 5. O P P I D | Optical, Polarizing, Phase Contrast, Interference and Dark-Fiels |
| Name the two types of Electron microscope. | Transmission Electron Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope |
| A microscope that utilizes reflecting optics or quartz and other ultraviolet-transmitting lenses | Ultraviolet |
| A microscope in which x-rays are used instead of light, the image usually being reproduced on film. | X-Ray Microscope |
| The principle microscope used in histology and eytology is the ____________ microscope. | Compound |
| The method of chemical localization is called what? | Autoradiography (radioiodine localization) |
| This method of enables investigators to locate sites of antibody-antigen reactions | Immunocytochemistry |
| The stain used for the nuclear region is: | hematoxylin (basic stain) |
| The stain used for the cytoplasmic region is: | Eosin (acidic dyes) |
| What are the two important considerations with regards to methodology in Histology? | 1. Kind of microscope used 2. Preparation of the tissue or organ in a manner suitable for viewing with the microscope. |
| According to Schwann and Schleiden, All living matter is composed of Cells. True or False | True |
| Cells do not arise from pre-existing cells, True or False | False |
| All the metabolic reactions of the living organism including all the energy exchanged, biosynthetic processes, all hereditary processes take place within the cell. True or False | True |
| Cells are not the basic structural and functional unit of living matter. True or False | False |
| Cells are composed of protoplasm - viscus suspension of various chemical elements. | True |
| Cytoplasm is responsible for the metabolic and synthetic activity in the cell. True or False. | True |
| What is responsible for differentiation and function? | Nucleus |
| What type of cell is a primitive cell, nucleus not surrounded by a membrane? | Prokaryotic |
| A Eukaryotic cell is the true cell of higher plants and animals. True or False | True |
| What is the fundamental living substance of the cell? | Protoplasm |
| What are the two present elements in Protoplasm? | Oxygen and Nitrogen |
| The protoplasm is what percentage water? | Seventy Five |
| Proteins are integral to cell structure, and are amino acid building blocks. What percentage of the cell is proteins? | Ten to twenty |
| Lipids are 2-3% of the cell? | True |
| Carbohydrates are two or more simple sugars, oxidized as a source of energy for repair and growth. What % make up the cell/ | two to three |
| Salts make up 1% of the cell. True or False. | True |
| The protoplasm can be divided into two parts what are they? | Nucleoplasm and cytoplasm |
| The Nucleoplasm contains what? | Chromatin Material (DNA) and nucleolus |
| The cytoplasm is the protoplasm surrounding the nucleus. True or False. | True |
| What is the primary function of the Cytoplasm? | Absorption and Secretion |
| What are the properties of protoplasm? ICMMGRASER | Irritability, Conductivity, Contractility and Mobility, Metabolism, Growth, Reproduction, Absorption, Secretion, Excretion, and Respiration. |
| Ribosomes are considered an organelle. True or False | False |
| What is an example of an inclusion? | fat deposits, pigmented granuoles |
| The Cell membrane is also known as: | Plasma membrane or plasmalemma |
| The cell membrane is thin and limiting, separating the cell contents from the external environment. True or False. | True |
| AKA known as Chomidial Substance or Ergastoplasm | Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| This is found in cells lacking a well developed rough E.R. | Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| The function of the S.E.R. depends on the cell type. Name an example. | Liver: lipid and cholesterol metabolism |
| The function of this organelle is protein synthesis. | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| The fragments of the E.R. are referred to as __________. | microsomes |
| A closed mesh 3-D network of tubules that are interconnected is characteristic of S.E.R. or R.E.R.? | Smooth E.R. |
| This organelle has two membranes. What is it? | Mitochondria |
| The Cristae functions to do what in the Mitochondria? | Increase surface area and efficiency. |
| The inner membrane of Mitochondria forms an area known as ___________ space. | intercrystal |
| Outer and inner form an area known as __________ space. | intracrystal |
| Mitochondria are found in almost all cell types. True or False? | True |
| Small, round, membrane organelles. Contains hydrolases for break down of protein, nucleic acid, and carbohydrates. | Lysosomes |
| Function at acid pH 5 | Acid Hydrolases in Lysosome |
| This is a newly formed lysosome that buds off the Golgi Body. | Primary Lysosome |
| Microbodies AKA: | Peroxisome |
| This organelle is smaller than the lysosome, is a membrane bound vesicle, contains oxidative enzymes, and is found primarily in liver and kidney cells. | Peroxisome |
| This organelle appears as a clear area in actively secreting cells. ex. pancreas or bone forming cells | Golgi Apparatus |
| Stacks of flat membrane vesicles in the Golgi Apparatus are referred to as saccules, AKA Cisternae, AKA: | Dictysomes |
| Centrosomes are AKA centrosphere or Cell Center. TRUE OR FALSE? | True |
| A centrosome is specialized, lies near the cell nucleus, and containing _____________. | centrioles |
| Small granules or short rods is a characteristic of: | Centrioles |
| A centriole is self replicating. True or False? | True |
| A centriole may migrate near the cell surface and if it does become a basal body AKA Kinetosome, it will become a: | Flagellum or Cillium |
| Microfilaments are made up of Actin. Where is this filament located? | Found in various embryonic epithelium that undergo rapid cell shape changes. ex. intracellular muscle |
| Tonofilaments are AKA | Intermediate filaments |
| Intermediate filaments are not known to be contractile, usually serve supporting role, anchorage. True or False. | True |
| Thick filaments are: | Myosin and Microtubules |
| What is the protein that makes up Microtubules? | Tubulin |
| Function of microtubules is to maintain cell shape and form ____________ _____________ in mitotic division. | spindle apparatus |
| The nucleus contains two membranes with pores. True or False | True |
| What is inside of the nuclear membrane/ | Nucleoplasm, Chromatin Material, and nucleolus |
| The nucleus functions to do what? | Regulate metabolic activities of the cell. |
| The two types of chromatin are: | Heterochromatin and Euchromatin |
| Euchromatin is dispersed during interphase. True or False | True |
| Chromosomes become visible in this phase. | Prophase |
| The nuclear membrane begins to break down and disappear in which phase of Mitosis? | Prophase |
| Spindle fibers appear in this phase of Mitosis. | Metaphase |
| Chromosomes gather in the center of the cell along the equatorial plate. | Metaphase |
| Cleavage furrow starts to appear. | Anaphase |
| The nuclear membrane reforms in this phase along with the nucleolus. | Telophase |
| Wet Epithelium is known as: | Nonkeratinized |
| Simple Squamous Tissue is found in | Bowman Capsule of Kidney, Lung alveoli, and Blood Vessels |
| What epithelium is located at the thyroid, free surface of the ovaries, inner surface of capsule of lens, ducts of glands, and retina? | Simple Cuboidal |
| Simple Columnar epithelium contains what type of cell that occurs in mucosa of intestine and respiratory tract? | goblet cells |
| In regions where epithelial lining of the organ combines with function of secretion with that of protective membrane. What epithelial tissue is this? | Simple Columnar |
| Simple Columnar Epithelium is found where in the body? KUDOS | Kidneys, Uterus, Digestive Tract, Oviduct, and small bronchi of lungs |
| Pseudostratified epithelium is located where: | Lacrimal Sac, Male urethra, large excretory ducts of parotid gland, lines the greater part of the respiratory tract, part of tympanic cavity. |
| Stratified Epithelium has what function? | Protective |
| Stratified Squamous can be found where? CUEVEM | Cornea, lined portion of female URETHRA, Epidermis, Vagina, Esophagus, Mouth |
| Which epithelium is extremely rare? | Stratified cuboidal |
| This epithelium if found in ducts of sweat glands and certain layers of testes and ovary. | Stratified cuboidal |
| Stratified Columnar is located in the: APEE | Anal mucus membrane, pharynx, Epiglottis, and Exocrine Ducts |
| Adherent Junctions or differntiations are concerned with cell attachment permitting groups of similar cells to function as a structural unit. true or false? | True |
| What are the two types of adheren junctions? | Zonula and Macular |
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palmeje
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