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Bio LAB final
labs 6-12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mitosis | Means of asexual reproduction |
| Cell Cycle | The process of copying DNA chromosomes into daughter cells |
| The 4 stages of the Eukaryotic cell cycle | Growth1, Synthesis stage, Growth2, Mitosis stage |
| Growth1 (G1) | Cells grows to its full size and carries out its normal functions; organelle duplication |
| Synthesis (S) stage | The chromosomes, in the form of chromatin material, replicate themselves; DNA replication |
| Centromere | Where the two sister chromatids are attached |
| Growth 2 (G2) | the cell prepares for cell division by synthesizing proteins |
| Interphase | the first three stages of the cell cycle; not actively dividing |
| Chromatin material | the tangled mass of thin threads that chromosomes are in the form of in Interphase |
| 4 stages of Mitosis | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase |
| Cytokinesis | the division of the cytoplasm and its organelles |
| Prophase | nuclear envelope fragments; Cetioles migrate to opposite poles; spindle begins to form; sis chromatids are attached to spindle,spindle directs copy to to each pole |
| Metaphase | Sister chromatids line up along the equatorial plane |
| Anaphase | Centromeres divide and sister chromatids separate becoming daughter chromosomes; begin to move towards poles |
| Telophase | spindle gone; nuclear envelope forms, cytokinesis |
| Meiosis | a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid so that sexual reproduction can occur |
| Prophase 1 | Homologous chromosomes synapse, forming tetrads; crossing over between chromosomes take place; spindle attaches to centromeres of tetrads |
| Metaphase 1 | Tetrads line up at equator |
| Anaphase 1 | Homologous pairs separate and move to opposite poles of the cell |
| Telophase 1 | cytokinesis occurs, spindle gone, cells are haploid at this point but chromosomes are still replicated chromatids |
| Prophase 2 | Spindle forms, nuclear envelope gone, NO REPLICATION, spindle attaches to centromeres |
| Metaphase 2 | Chromosomes line up along equator of cells |
| Anaphase 2 | Centromeres divide, daughter chromosomes move to opposite poles of cell |
| Telophase 2 | spindle gone, Nuclear envelope comes; cytokinesis |
| Independent Assortment | the random way the chromosome pair lines up along the equator of the cell during Metaphase I |
| Crossing over | when non-sister chromatids of a homologous pair exchange pieces of chromosomes |
| Trisomy X | females have three or more X chromosomes |
| Monosomy X | females only have one copy of the X chromosome |
| sac plan | mouth and anus is the same opening; incomplete digestive system |
| acoelomates | have mesoderm, but no body cavity |
| pseudocoelomates | have a body cavity incompletely lined with mesoderm |
| Coelomates | have a body cavity completely lined with mesoderm with a true coelom (body cavity) |
| Protostome development | first embryonic opening becomes a mouthg |
| Deuterostome development | the first embryonic opening becomes an anus |
| Malpighian tubules | collect nitrogenous wastes, concentrate them, and excrete them into the digestive system for disposal |
| Incomplete metamorphosis | egg, naiad, adult |
| Gradual Metamorphosis | egg, nymph, adult |
| Complete Metamorphosis | pupa, larva, adult |
Created by:
mandapanda104
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