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CHAPTER 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| GREGOR MENDEL / MONK | STUDIED PEA PLANTS/SELF POLLINATED |
| SELF POLLINATE | F2 GENERATION; PRODUCE REPLICATE FROM SAME PLANT |
| CROSS POLLINATE | F1 HYBRID; POLLEN FROM ANOTHER PLANT OR FLOWER THAT COMES TO FERTILIZE ANOTHER PLANT |
| CHARACTER | A HERITABLE FEATURE THAT VARIES AMONG INDIVIDUALS; SUCH AS COLOR |
| TRAITS | EACH VARIANT FOR A CHARACTER; SUCH AS PURPLE OR WHITE COLOR IN A FLOWER |
| TRUE BREEDING | PRODUCING SAME TRAIT OVER AND OVER AGAIN BY SELF POLLINATING |
| P GENERATION | TRUE BREEDING PARENTS IN A TYPICAL BREEDING EXPERIMENT |
| F1 GENERATION | HYBRID OFFSPRING OF TRUE BREEDING PARENTS (P GENERATION) IN A BREEDING EXPERIMENT |
| F2 GENERATION | OFFSPRING OF F1 HYBRID GENERATION IN BREEDING EXPERIMENT |
| DOMINANT | CAPITAL LETTERS REPRESENT DOMNIANT ALLELES (GENES) IF TWO ALLELES ARE DIFFERENT THE ORGANISMS APPEARENCE DISPLAYS THE DOMINANT ALLELE |
| RECESSIVE | RECESSIVE ALLELE HAS NO NOTICEABLE EFFECT ON THE ORGANISMS APPEARENCE |
| PUNNETT SQUARE | A DIAGRAMMIC DEVICE FOR PREDICTING THE ALLELE COMPOSITION OF OFFSPRING FROM A CROSS BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS OF KNOWN GENETIC MAKEUP. |
| PHENOTYPE | OBSERVABLE TRAITS (WHAT WE LOOK LIKE) |
| GENOTYPE | ITS GENETIC MAKEUP (WHAT WE HAVE FOR GENES) |
| HOMOZYGOUS | AN ORGANISM THAT HAS A PAIR OF IDENTICAL ALLELES. ONE GENE CONTROLLING THE CHARACTER |
| HETEROZYGOUS | AN ORGANISM THAT HAS 2 DIFFERENT ALLELES. NOT TRUE BREEDING |
| TEST CROSS | BREEDING AN ORGANISM OF UNKNKOWN GENOTYPE WITH A RECESSIVE HOMOZYGOTE. BECAUSE IT CAN REVEAL THE GENOTYPE OF THAT ORGANISM. |
| MONOHYBRID | ONE TRAIT AT A TIME |
| DIHYBRID | HOW 2 TRAITS ARE INHERITED AT THE SAME TIME. (MANY DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS) |
| PROBABILITY | TWO OR MORE INDEPENDANT EVENTS WILL OCCUR TOGETHER IN SOME SPECIFIC COMBINATION. SCALE THAT RANGES FROM 0-1; |
| ALLELES | ANY ALTERNATIVE VERSIONS OF A GENE THAT PRODUCE DISTINGUISHABLE PHENOTYPIC EFFECTS |
| ALLELE NOT ALWAYS PREVELENT IN THE POPULATION | DOMINANT ALLELE |
| COMPLETE DOMINANCE | DOMINANT GENE MASKS OVER DOMINANT GENE. HOMOZYGOTE AND HETEROZYGOTE LOOK THE SAME |
| INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE | NEITHER ALLELE IS COMPLETELY DOMINANT SO ex. F1 HYBRIDS HAVE A PHENOTYPE SOMEWHERE BETWEEN THE TWO PARENTAL VARIETIES.(WHEN RED AND WHITE FLOWERS PRODUCE PINK FLOWERS) |
| CO-DOMINENCE | TWO ALLELES AFFECT THE PHENOTYPE (APPEARENCE) IN SEPERATE DISTINGUISHABLE WAYS |
| PLEIOTROPY | MULTIPLE PHENOTYPIC EFFECTS IN MOST GENES. ex PLEIOTRIPIC ALLELES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MULTIIPLE SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH CERTAIN HEREDITARY DISEASES |
| WHAT ARE PLEIOTROPY ALLELES RESPONSIBLE FOR | PLEIOTRIPIC ALLELES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MULTIIPLE SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH CERTAIN HEREDITARY DISEASES SUCH AS CYSTIC FIBROSIS OR SICKLE CELL DISEASE |
| EPISTASIS | A GENE AT ONE LOCUS ALTERS THE PHENOTYPIC EXPRESSION OF A GENE AT A SECOND LOCUS. |
| DIHYBRID CROSS | LOOKING AT 2 TRAITS |
| PEDIGREE | A FAMILY TREE; TRAITS OF PARENTS AND CHILDREN ACROSS A GENERATION. |
Created by:
TRESCEE
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