Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
FNP~Lower Resp D/O
Dx and Management
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acute Bronchitis is... | inflammation of the bronchi (upper airway)with persistent cough and sputum production |
| s/sx's of acute bronchitis... | ~productive cough ~ H/A ~chest pain ~wheeze ~fever (higher in bacterial) |
| Acute Bronchitis PE may show... | ~no lung consolidation (no crackles, can be clear with ausc) ~resonant ~clears with cough (yucky sounding) |
| Acute Bronchitis (viral) would present with what type of temperature? | afebrile or low grade |
| Acute Bronchitis (bacterial) would present with what type of temperature? | more pronounced that viral |
| PNA & Flu causes the highest death rate in what age group? | elderly |
| What kind of antibx are usually recommended to treat "bacterial" Acute Bronchitis? | ~Macrolides "mycin": Azithro, Clarithro ~Doxy or TCN ~Septra/Bactrim |
| T/F: Bronchodilators are often used in the management of Acute Bronchitis | True |
| Asthma is defined as... | an inflammatory dz of lungs characterized by reversible airway obstruction |
| Initial management of Asthma would be... | Short acting B2 adrenergic agonist (Albuterol) Sx relief or before exercise |
| What is used for asthma daily maintenance... | inhaled corticosteroids (Pulmicort, Azmacort, Q~Var) |
| An example of a long acting B2 adrenergic agonist is... | Serevent; other options theophylline |
| Antileukotrienes are useful in the maintenance of what type of asthma? | Singulair (po) |
| COPD is a term collectively used for... | chronic bronchitis and emphysema |
| Chronic bronchitis is characterized by a cough for ___ months or more in at least ___ consecutive years | 3 months; 2 years |
| Emphysema is defined as... | abnormal, permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole |
| Intermittent mild to mod dyspnea...Chronic Bronchitis/Emphysema? | Chronic Bronchitis |
| Onset of sx's after age 50...Chronic Bronchitis/Emphysema | Emphysema |
| Mild sputum (clear)...Chronic Bronchitis/Emphysema | Emphysema |
| Onset of sx's after age 35...Chronic Bronchitis/Emphysema | Chronic Bronchitis |
| Progressive, constant dyspnea...Chronic Bronchitis/Emphysema | Chronic Bronchitis |
| Copious sputum (purulent)...Chronic Bronchitis/Emphysema | Chronic Bronchitis |
| Body habitus (thin, wasted)~"pink puffer"...Chronic Bronchitis/Emphysema | Emphysema |
| Chest A:P diameter...Chronic Bronchitis/Emphesema | Emphesema |
| Body habitus (stocky, obese)~blue bloater...Chronic Bronchitis/Emphysema | Chronic Bronchitis |
| Chest A:P diameter norma...Chronic Bronchitis/Emphysema | Chronic Bronchitis |
| Bulla, blebs, hyperinflation on CXR...Chronic Bronchitis/Emphysema | Emphysema |
| Hematocrit increased...Chronic Bronchitis/Emphysema | Chronic Emphysema |
| Percussion hyperresonant...Chronic Bronchitis/Emphysema | Emphysema |
| Hematocrit normal...Chronic Bronchitis/Emphysema | Emphysema |
| Percussion normal...Chronic Bronchitis/Emphysema | Chronic Bronchitis |
| Total lung capacity increased...Chronic Bronchitis/Emphysema | Emphysema |
| Mainstay treatment of COPD... | Atrovent or Spiriva |
| Asthma stepwise approach... | ~Short acting: Albuterol >>Daily maintenance "corticosteroids": ~"cort"...Pulmicort, Azmacort >>long acting.. Servent >>anticholinergics (if thick secretions)...Atrovent >>chronic asthma..."antileukotrines": Singulair (po) |
| Pneumonia is defined as... | inflammation of the lower resp tract |
| Most common etiologic agent for community acquired pneumoniae (CAP) in adults is... | Strep. pneumoniae |
| T/F: in pneumonia, lungs usually clear after cough | False...clears with bronchitis |
| Lung exam in pneumonia... | ~(+) lung consolidation ~crackles ~lungs DO NOT clear after cough ~egophony ~dull to percussion |
| CXR will show______ in pneumonia | infiltrates |
| Macrolides are used for what type of CAP patient | <60 with no comorbidities and no recent abx (within 3 mos) |
| Examples of macrolides... | ~azithromycin (Zithromax) ~clarithromycin (Biaxin) ~erythromycin, or doxy |
| Patients > or equal to 60yo and/or with other health problems would require what kind of tx for CAP? | ~Beta lactam(-ceph's or -cillans)+ macro or doxy) or a Fluoroquinolone (resp quinolones) such as *levofloxacin (Levaquin), moxifloxacin (Avelox) |
| At what age would hospitalizaton and IV treatment be done for a pt with CAP? | > or equal to 65 (elderly) |
| T/F: lung cancer is the leading cause of deaths in men and women | True |
| Most common ages in lung cancer? | 50-70 |
| Common presentation of cough in lung cancer | smokers cough, dry and hacking |
| T/F: lung cancer shows areas of dullness with percusion | True |
| Is obstructive dz characterized by reduced airflow rates or reduced volumes? | reduced airflow; lung volume is within normal range |
| T/F: reduced volume is usually present in restictive dz | True |
| Obstructive diseases are... | asthma, COPD (emphysema, bronchitis) |
| Restrictive dz's are... | PNA, CF, pulmoary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, lungectomy |
| FVC measures... | volume of gas forcefully expelled from the lungs after manimal inspiration |
| FEV1 measures... | volume of gas expelled in the first second of the FVC maneuver |
| Appearance of pleural effusion "transudates" | clear |
| Appearance of pleural effusion "exudates" | ream colored, due to higher protein content |
| Appearance of pleural effusion "empyema" | pus |
| Appearance of pleural effusion "hemorrhagic pleural effusion" | blood |
| Postinfectious cough is considered when... | cough has been present for 3-8 weeks following sx's of an acute reps infeciton |
| Tx of post infectious cough... | Atrovent |
| Tx of post infectious cough that interferes with quality of life... | inhaled corticosteroids, which may take a week before providing relief |
| Tx for sever paroxysms of post infectious cough... | 30-40mg of Prednisone per day for a short period of time |
| Mast cell stabilizer... | Cromolyn |
| Preferred tx of intermittent asthma... | SABA prn |
| Preferred tx of mild persistent asthma... | Low-dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) |
| Preferred tx of moderate persistent asthma... | Medium dose-ICS or Low-dose ICS + SABA and either LTRA, theophylline |
| Preferred tx of severe persistent asthma (Step 4) | Medium dose-ICS + LABA |
| Preferred tx of severe persistent asthma (Step 5) | High-dose ICS + LABA |
| Preferred tx of sever persistent asthma (Step 6) | High-dose ICS + LABA + oral corticosteroid |
| COPD Gram (+) resp bacteria... | S. pneumoniae |
| COPD Gram (-) resp bacteria... | H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis |
| COPD Atypical pathogens resp bacteria... | M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, Legionella sp. |
| COPD viral associations... | Rhinovirus, Influenza virus |
Created by:
KimmiNP
Popular Nursing sets