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Bio230 Ch 8 Quiz

Essential Cell Biology: Control of Gene Expression

QuestionAnswer
1. Liver cells and kidney cells in the same organism contain different genes. True or False? False
2. A typical differentiated human cell will express how many of its approximately 25,000 genes? from 5000 to 15,000 genes.
3. A cell can change the expression of its genes in response to external signals. True or False? True
4. Different cell types that respond to the same hormone usually turn on the same sets of genes. True or False? False
5. Although all of the steps involved in expressing a gene can in principle be regulated, for most genes the most important point of control is? transcription initiation.
6. A gene regulatory protein usually binds to which groove in the DNA double helix? Major groove
7. When a gene regulatory protein binds to DNA, its most important interactions occur with which parts of the DNA? Base pairs
8. When a gene regulatory protein binds to DNA, it typically disrupts the hydrogen bonding between base pairs. True or False? False
9. Where is the initiation site in a gene? The part of a promoter where transcription actually begins.
10. In bacteria when transcription regulators bind to regulatory DNA sequences close to where RNA polymerase binds, they? activate or repress transcription of the gene depending upon where they are located relative to the promoter.
11. What is the definition of an operon? A set of genes that is transcribed into a single mRNA
12. Which of the following statements accurately describes the expression of the repressor protein of the tryptophan operon? The gene for the tryptophan repressor is expressed constitutively.
13. When concentrations of tryptophan inside the cell is high? it activates tryptophan repressor which shuts down the tryptophan operon.
14. Which of the following describes the lac operon in E. coli when lactose, but not glucose, is present in the culture medium? CAP, but not the lac repressor, is bound to the lac operon’s regulatory DNA, and the lac operon is expressed.
15. Which of the following descrives the lac operon in E. coli when both lactose and glucose are present in the culture medium? Neither CAP nor the lac repressor is bound to the lac operon’s regulatory DNA, and the lac operon is not expressed.
16. In eukaryotes where do transcription regulators bind? Either upstream or downstream from a gene
17. Eucaryotic gene activator proteins stimulate transcription initiation by recruiting a DNA polymerase to the promoter. True or False? False
18. The general transcription factors that assemble at a eukaryotic promoter are different, depending on the specific gene being transcribed by polymerase II. True or False? False
19. How many different gene regulatory proteins work together to control a typical human gene? Dozens
20. The effect of a single gene regulatory protein can still be decisive in switching any particular gene on or off. True or False? True
21. Differentiated cells in multicellular organisms require hormonal input to “remember” what type of cell they should be. Ture or False? False
22. A single transcription regulator, if expressed in the appropriate precursor cell, can trigger the formation of a specialized cell type or even an entire organ. True or False? True
23. Which of the following cell types, when fully differentiated, does NOT divide to form new cells? Neurons
24. Epigenetic inheritance is and isn’t what? It is the inheritance of methylation patterns in DNA chromosome condensation, and regulatory proteins. It is not The inheritance of a single nucleotide mutation in a gene
25. Which is an is not involved in post transcriptional control? DNA methylation is not. Riboswitch, microRNA, and RNA inference are involved.
26. What is a Riboswitch? An mRNA that can regulate its own transcription and translation
27. In bacteria, if a protein binds to the ribosomal binding site on an mRNA, what is the consequence? The small ribosomal subunit will not be able to bind to the mRNA, and translation will be inhibited.
28. What is the ultimate fate of an mRNA that is targeted by a microRNA based on their complementary nucleotide sequences? the mRNA will be destroyed by a nuclease.
29. What type of molecule triggers RNA interference?; Foreign, double-stranded RNA
30. Which form of post-translational control is being exploited by scientists to inactivate genes of interest? RNA interference
Created by: Liwa91
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