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Micro2421 Test 4
Chapter 12 from Microbiology: Principles & Explorations 7E Black
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Physical, chemical, and mechanical methods to destroy or reduce... | Undesirable microbes in a given area (decontamination). |
| Disinfection | a process to destroy vegetative pathogens, not endospores; inanimate objects |
| Sterilization | a process that destroys all viable microbes, including viruses and endospores. |
| Antiseptic | disinfectants applied directly to exposed body surfaces. |
| Highest Resistance` | Prions, bacterial endospores |
| Moderate resistance | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| Least Resistance | Most bacterial vegetative cells. |
| Sanitization | any cleansing technique that mechanically removes microbes. |
| Degermation | reduces the number of microbes through mechanical means |
| Microbial Death | permanent loss of reproductive capability, even under optimum growth conditions |
| Cellular Targets of physical and chemical agents: | 1. the cell wall 2. The cell membrane 3. Protein and nucleic acid synthesis 4. Proteins |
| Surfactants | a substance that reduces surface tension. i.e soaps and detergents |
| Methods of Physical Control: | 1. Heat(moist and dry) 2. Cold temps (refrigeration) 3.Desiccation (removal of water) 4.Filtration (Passing gas or liquid through a filter) 5. Radiation (ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation) 6.Osmotic pressure (hypertonic environment) |
| Moist heat | Lower temperatures and shorter exposure time; coagulation and denaturation of proteins 1. boiling(water disinfection) 2. autoclaving 3. pasteurization |
| Dry Heat | moderate to high temperatures; dehydration, alters proteins structure; -Incineration (flame or electric heating coil) -Dry Ovens |
| Chemical agents in Microbial Control | Disinfectants, antiseptics, sterilants, degermers, and preservatives |
| Chemical Control Methods | Phenols and phenolics (Lysol;general disinfection) Hydrogen peroxide |
| Halogens (Chemical Control Methods) | Chlorine(swimming pools), Iodine and Iodophors (cuts), Bromine (swimming pools or hot tubs) |
| Alcohols (Chemical Control Methods) | ethanol or isopropyl |
| Heavy Metals (chemical Control Methods) | Silver (silver nitrate; silvadine) |
| Gaseous Sterilants (Chemical Control methods) | Plastic Materials |
| Organic Acids (Chemical Control Methods) | Food Preservation |
| Greatly enhances the action of soaps and detergents | Mechanical Scrubbing |
| Easiest and cheapest means of preventing the spread of disease | Vigorous hand washing |
Created by:
krisw
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