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The renal sinus echos are produced by
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The renal parenchyma is separated into cortex and medulla by the
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The renal sinus echos are produced by | Pelvis and calyces, renal vessels, fat and arveolar tissue |
| The renal parenchyma is separated into cortex and medulla by the | Arcuate vessels |
| The best approach for the evaluation of the left kidney is | Coronal |
| A 2 year –old boy presents with hematuria a palpable left flank mass. An ultrasound examination is performed, and a solid renal mass is identified. This finding is most characteristic of | Wilm’s tumor |
| A patient presents with ampulla of vater obstruction, distension of the gallbladder, and painless jaundice. This is associated with | Courvoisier’s sign |
| Long- standing cystic duct obstruction will give rise to | hydropic gallbladder |
| Staghorn calculus refers to a large stone within the | Renal pelvis of the kidney |
| gastrointestinal peptide hormone, which stimulates gallbladder contraction | Cholecystokinin |
| The portion of the liver that is not covered by the peritoneum is termed | bare area |
| The normal thickness of the gallbladder wall | 3 mm |
| The pancreatic head lies | Caudad to the portal vein and anterior to the inferior vena cava |
| A patient presents with a dilated interhepatic duct, dilated gallbladder, and a dilated common bile duct. level of obstruction is | Distal common bile duct |
| The most common location of pancreatic pseudocyst | lesser sac |
| The extrahepatic portion of the falciform ligament | Is visualized when massive ascites is present |
| The superior mesenteric artery arises 1 cm below the celiac trunk and courses | Anterior and parallel to the aorta |
| The division by using couinaud’s sections into right and left lobes of the liver is | Main lobar fissure |
| The portion of the pancreas that lies posterior to the superior mesenteric artery and vein is the | uncinate process |
| The vessel that courses along the posterior surface of the body and tail of the pancreas is the | Splenic vein |
| Sonographically, the gastroesophageal junction can be visualized | Anterior to the aorta and posterior to the left lobe of the liver |
| Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder is | Proliferation of the mucosal layer which extends into the muscle layer |
| A common cause of pyelonephritis | pyogenic bacteria |
| A renal sonogram is performed and an echogenic well-defined mass is identified in the renal cortex. This is characteristic of | Angiomyolipoma |
| The gastroduodenal artery is a branch of the | common hepatic artery |
| The largest zone of the prostate is the | Peripheral zone |
| vessel that is seen anterior to the aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery | Left renal vein |
| The liver is covered by a thick membrane of collagenous fibers intermixed with elastic elements. This membrane is called | Glission’s capsule |
| Anterior displacement of the splenic vein can be caused by | Left adrenal hyperplasia |
| The vessel that originates from the celiac axis and is very tortuous is the | Splenic artery |
| When accessory spleens are present, they are usually located | Near the splenic hilum |
| A fold at the fundal portion of the gallbladder is usually called | Phrygian cap |
| The inferior vena cava forms at the confluence of the | Right and left common iliac veins |
| A gallbladder sonographic examination is performed, and a small gallbladder with intrahepatic dilatation is seen, this may indicate that the level of obstruction is at the level of the | Common hepatic duct |
| The maximum inner diameter of the main pancreatic duct in young adults is | 2mm |
| The endocrine function of the pancreas produces | Insulin |
| laboratory test used to access renal function | Serum creatinine |
| Adult polycystic disease may be characterized by all of the following except | Bilateral small and echogenic kidneys |
| The best sonographic window to image the left hemidiaphragm | spleen |
| A patient in the late stages of sickle cell anemia will have a spleen that is | Small and echogenic |
| Bilateral hydronephrosis frequently occurs in patients with | Prostate enlargement |
| In a patient with acute hepatitis, the liver parenchyma is | normal |
| A hypertrophied column of Bertin is a | Renal variant |
| ureterovesical junction is | Junction between the distal ureter and the base of the bladder |
| The landmark for the posterolateral border of the thyroid is | common carotid |
| The most common location for a spermatocele is | The head of the epididymis |
| A 60 year old man presents with hematuria and nocturnal urination. The ultrasound findings include an enlarged symmetrical homogeneous prostate. This is most characteristic of | Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) |
| The most common malignancy of the adrenal gland in children is | Adrenal neuroblastoma |
| If the mass in the area of the pancreatic head is found, what other structure should be examined sonographically | The liver |
| The most common primary carcinoma of the pancreas | Adenocarcinoma |
| The ligament of venosum separates which two lobes of the liver | Caudate lobe and left lobe of the liver |
| The most common benign neoplasm of the liver is | hemangioma |
| Patients with right-sided heart failure and elevated systemic venous pressure may develop | Dilatation of the intrahepatic veins |
| The right and left lobe of the liver are separated by the | Main lobar fissure |
| the portal vein is formed by the union of | the splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein |
| The common bile duct is joined by the pancreatic duct as they enter the | Second portion of the duodenum |
| laboratory value which is specific for a hepatoma of the liver | alfa-fetoprotein |
| If the prostate is found to be enlarged, one should also check the | Kidneys for hydronephrosis |
| The body of the pancrease is bound on its anterior surface by the | Atrium of stomach |
| On a transverse scan, the portal vein is seen as a circular anechoic structure | Anterior to the inferior vena cava |
| Hyperthyroidism associated with a diffuse goiter is associated with | Grave’s disease |
| part of the pancreas that lies anterior to the inferior vena cava and posterior to the superior mesenteric vein | Uncinate process |
| In a dissecting aneurysm, the dissection is through | The intima |
| The adrenal gland can be divided | Cortex and medulla |
| A patent umbilical vein may be found in the | Ligamentum teres |
| A 42 year old female presents postcholecystectomy with right upper quadrant pain, elevated serum bilirubin (mainly conjugated), and bilirubin in her urine. This is best characteristic of | Stone, tumor, or stricture causing obstruction of the bile duct |
| A cause of small gallbladder is | Chronic cholecystitis |
| vessel that is located superior to the pancreas | Celiac axis |
| A retroperitoneal tumor will cause _______ displacement of organs | anterior |
| Anterior displacement of the abdominal aorta may be cause by | Enlarged lymph nodes |
| Sonographically, enlarged lymph nodes most commonly appear as | Hypoechoic masses with no increased through transmission |
| Portal fugal blood flow is best described as | Reversal of blood flow |
| Anatomic landmarks for sonographically locating the left adrenal gland are | Aorta, spleen, and left kidney |
| Nonshadowing , nonmobile, echogenic foci imaged within the gallbladder lumen are most likely | Polyps |
| Hydrops of the gallbladder is | An enlarged gallbladder |
| Jaundice in a pediatric patient is most likely caused by | Biliary atresia |
| The majority of primary retroperitoneal tumors are malignant. Identify an example of a primary retroperitoneal tumor. | Leiomyosarcoma |
| increasing echogenic order of renal parenchyma,liver,renal sinus,pancreas,and spleen | Renal parenchyma< liver< spleen< pancreas< renal sinus |
| In comparison to the normal adult, the pancreas in children will relatively | larger and less echogenic |
| The kidneys, the perinephric fat, and the adrenal gland are all covered by | Georta’s fascia |
| The largest major visceral branch of the inferior vena cava is the | hepatic veins |
| The spleen is variable in size, but it is considered to be | Convex superiorly and concave inferiorly |
| The most common neoplasm of the prostate | Adenocarcinoma |
| The sonographic findings that are associated with hematoceles include | Blood filled sac that surrounds the testicle, secondary to trauma or surgery |
| Normal measurements of the thyroid gland are | 1-2 cm in anteriorposterior dimensions and 4-6cm in length |
| A 15-year-old boy presents with sudden intense right scrotal pain, nausea, and vomiting. A sonogram is performed, and an enlarged hypoechoic right scrotum with decrease arterial flow is documented. The left scrotum is normal. This is most consistent with | Torsion |
| The best way of delineating a dissecting aneurysm on sonography is to | Show an intimal flap pulsating with the flow of blood |
| Obstructive jaundice may be diagnosed sonographically by demonstrating | A mass of the head of the pancreas with a dilated common bile duct |
| In patients with uncomplicated acute epididymitis,The epididymis is | uniformly enlarged and more anechoic than usual |
| A subhepatic abscess would be located | Inferior to the liver, anterior to the right kidney |
| A major branch of the common hepatic artery is the | Gastroduodenal artery |
| A 44-year old patient presents with painless jaundice and a palpable right upper quadrant mass. This is most characteristic of | Courvoisier gallbladder |
| A common anatomical variant is a bulge of the lateral border of the left kidney. This is called a | Dromedary hump |
| The head of the pancreas is located anterior to the | ivc |
| The lesser sac is located between | stomach and pancreas |
| The renal pyramids are found in the | medulla |
| On a longitudinal scan of the scrotum, the most superior portion is the | Head of the epididymis |
| Chronic renal disease is associated with | Small echogenic kidneys |
| A 50 year old female with a long history of alcoholism presents with increased abdominal girth. A sonogram of the abdomen is performed and the most probable findings is | Massive ascites with a small echogenic liver |
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rodollop7