ARRT
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| The renal sinus echos are produced by | Pelvis and calyces, renal vessels, fat and arveolar tissue
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| The renal parenchyma is separated into cortex and medulla by the | Arcuate vessels
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| The best approach for the evaluation of the left kidney is | Coronal
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| A 2 year –old boy presents with hematuria a palpable left flank mass. An ultrasound examination is performed, and a solid renal mass is identified. This finding is most characteristic of | Wilm’s tumor
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| A patient presents with ampulla of vater obstruction, distension of the gallbladder, and painless jaundice. This is associated with | Courvoisier’s sign
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| Long- standing cystic duct obstruction will give rise to | hydropic gallbladder
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| Staghorn calculus refers to a large stone within the | Renal pelvis of the kidney
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| gastrointestinal peptide hormone, which stimulates gallbladder contraction | Cholecystokinin
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| The portion of the liver that is not covered by the peritoneum is termed | bare area
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| The normal thickness of the gallbladder wall | 3 mm
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| The pancreatic head lies | Caudad to the portal vein and anterior to the inferior vena cava
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| A patient presents with a dilated interhepatic duct, dilated gallbladder, and a dilated common bile duct. level of obstruction is | Distal common bile duct
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| The most common location of pancreatic pseudocyst | lesser sac
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| The extrahepatic portion of the falciform ligament | Is visualized when massive ascites is present
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| The superior mesenteric artery arises 1 cm below the celiac trunk and courses | Anterior and parallel to the aorta
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| The division by using couinaud’s sections into right and left lobes of the liver is | Main lobar fissure
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| The portion of the pancreas that lies posterior to the superior mesenteric artery and vein is the | uncinate process
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| The vessel that courses along the posterior surface of the body and tail of the pancreas is the | Splenic vein
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| Sonographically, the gastroesophageal junction can be visualized | Anterior to the aorta and posterior to the left lobe of the liver
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| Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder is | Proliferation of the mucosal layer which extends into the muscle layer
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| A common cause of pyelonephritis | pyogenic bacteria
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| A renal sonogram is performed and an echogenic well-defined mass is identified in the renal cortex. This is characteristic of | Angiomyolipoma
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| The gastroduodenal artery is a branch of the | common hepatic artery
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| The largest zone of the prostate is the | Peripheral zone
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| vessel that is seen anterior to the aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery | Left renal vein
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| The liver is covered by a thick membrane of collagenous fibers intermixed with elastic elements. This membrane is called | Glission’s capsule
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| Anterior displacement of the splenic vein can be caused by | Left adrenal hyperplasia
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| The vessel that originates from the celiac axis and is very tortuous is the | Splenic artery
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| When accessory spleens are present, they are usually located | Near the splenic hilum
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| A fold at the fundal portion of the gallbladder is usually called | Phrygian cap
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| The inferior vena cava forms at the confluence of the | Right and left common iliac veins
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| A gallbladder sonographic examination is performed, and a small gallbladder with intrahepatic dilatation is seen, this may indicate that the level of obstruction is at the level of the | Common hepatic duct
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| The maximum inner diameter of the main pancreatic duct in young adults is | 2mm
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| The endocrine function of the pancreas produces | Insulin
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| laboratory test used to access renal function | Serum creatinine
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| Adult polycystic disease may be characterized by all of the following except | Bilateral small and echogenic kidneys
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| The best sonographic window to image the left hemidiaphragm | spleen
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| A patient in the late stages of sickle cell anemia will have a spleen that is | Small and echogenic
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| Bilateral hydronephrosis frequently occurs in patients with | Prostate enlargement
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| In a patient with acute hepatitis, the liver parenchyma is | normal
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| A hypertrophied column of Bertin is a | Renal variant
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| ureterovesical junction is | Junction between the distal ureter and the base of the bladder
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| The landmark for the posterolateral border of the thyroid is | common carotid
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| The most common location for a spermatocele is | The head of the epididymis
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| A 60 year old man presents with hematuria and nocturnal urination. The ultrasound findings include an enlarged symmetrical homogeneous prostate. This is most characteristic of | Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
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| The most common malignancy of the adrenal gland in children is | Adrenal neuroblastoma
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| If the mass in the area of the pancreatic head is found, what other structure should be examined sonographically | The liver
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| The most common primary carcinoma of the pancreas | Adenocarcinoma
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| The ligament of venosum separates which two lobes of the liver | Caudate lobe and left lobe of the liver
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| The most common benign neoplasm of the liver is | hemangioma
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| Patients with right-sided heart failure and elevated systemic venous pressure may develop | Dilatation of the intrahepatic veins
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| The right and left lobe of the liver are separated by the | Main lobar fissure
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| the portal vein is formed by the union of | the splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein
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| The common bile duct is joined by the pancreatic duct as they enter the | Second portion of the duodenum
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| laboratory value which is specific for a hepatoma of the liver | alfa-fetoprotein
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| If the prostate is found to be enlarged, one should also check the | Kidneys for hydronephrosis
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| The body of the pancrease is bound on its anterior surface by the | Atrium of stomach
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| On a transverse scan, the portal vein is seen as a circular anechoic structure | Anterior to the inferior vena cava
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| Hyperthyroidism associated with a diffuse goiter is associated with | Grave’s disease
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| part of the pancreas that lies anterior to the inferior vena cava and posterior to the superior mesenteric vein | Uncinate process
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| In a dissecting aneurysm, the dissection is through | The intima
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| The adrenal gland can be divided | Cortex and medulla
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| A patent umbilical vein may be found in the | Ligamentum teres
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| A 42 year old female presents postcholecystectomy with right upper quadrant pain, elevated serum bilirubin (mainly conjugated), and bilirubin in her urine. This is best characteristic of | Stone, tumor, or stricture causing obstruction of the bile duct
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| A cause of small gallbladder is | Chronic cholecystitis
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| vessel that is located superior to the pancreas | Celiac axis
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| A retroperitoneal tumor will cause _______ displacement of organs | anterior
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| Anterior displacement of the abdominal aorta may be cause by | Enlarged lymph nodes
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| Sonographically, enlarged lymph nodes most commonly appear as | Hypoechoic masses with no increased through transmission
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| Portal fugal blood flow is best described as | Reversal of blood flow
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| Anatomic landmarks for sonographically locating the left adrenal gland are | Aorta, spleen, and left kidney
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| Nonshadowing , nonmobile, echogenic foci imaged within the gallbladder lumen are most likely | Polyps
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| Hydrops of the gallbladder is | An enlarged gallbladder
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| Jaundice in a pediatric patient is most likely caused by | Biliary atresia
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| The majority of primary retroperitoneal tumors are malignant. Identify an example of a primary retroperitoneal tumor. | Leiomyosarcoma
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| increasing echogenic order of renal parenchyma,liver,renal sinus,pancreas,and spleen | Renal parenchyma< liver< spleen< pancreas< renal sinus
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| In comparison to the normal adult, the pancreas in children will relatively | larger and less echogenic
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| The kidneys, the perinephric fat, and the adrenal gland are all covered by | Georta’s fascia
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| The largest major visceral branch of the inferior vena cava is the | hepatic veins
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| The spleen is variable in size, but it is considered to be | Convex superiorly and concave inferiorly
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| The most common neoplasm of the prostate | Adenocarcinoma
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| The sonographic findings that are associated with hematoceles include | Blood filled sac that surrounds the testicle, secondary to trauma or surgery
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| Normal measurements of the thyroid gland are | 1-2 cm in anteriorposterior dimensions and 4-6cm in length
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| A 15-year-old boy presents with sudden intense right scrotal pain, nausea, and vomiting. A sonogram is performed, and an enlarged hypoechoic right scrotum with decrease arterial flow is documented. The left scrotum is normal. This is most consistent with | Torsion
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| The best way of delineating a dissecting aneurysm on sonography is to | Show an intimal flap pulsating with the flow of blood
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| Obstructive jaundice may be diagnosed sonographically by demonstrating | A mass of the head of the pancreas with a dilated common bile duct
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| In patients with uncomplicated acute epididymitis,The epididymis is | uniformly enlarged and more anechoic than usual
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| A subhepatic abscess would be located | Inferior to the liver, anterior to the right kidney
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| A major branch of the common hepatic artery is the | Gastroduodenal artery
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| A 44-year old patient presents with painless jaundice and a palpable right upper quadrant mass. This is most characteristic of | Courvoisier gallbladder
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| A common anatomical variant is a bulge of the lateral border of the left kidney. This is called a | Dromedary hump
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| The head of the pancreas is located anterior to the | ivc
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| The lesser sac is located between | stomach and pancreas
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| The renal pyramids are found in the | medulla
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| On a longitudinal scan of the scrotum, the most superior portion is the | Head of the epididymis
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| Chronic renal disease is associated with | Small echogenic kidneys
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| A 50 year old female with a long history of alcoholism presents with increased abdominal girth. A sonogram of the abdomen is performed and the most probable findings is | Massive ascites with a small echogenic liver
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