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Hy - FA Rapid Review
Hy - FA Rapid Review - Classic Labs & Findings
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anticentromere antibodies | Scleroderma (CREST) |
| Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies | Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering) |
| Anti-glomerular Basement Membrane antibodies | Goodpasture’s Syndrome (glomerulonephritis and lung hemorrhage) |
| Antihistone antibodies | Drug-induced SLE |
| Anti-IgG antibodies | Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) | 1° biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestatis, portal hypertension) |
| Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) | Vasculitis( Wegener’s, microscopic poly angitis, glomerulonephritis) |
| Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: antiSmith and anti-dsDNA) | SLE (type III hypersensitivity) |
| Antiplatelet antibodies | idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (bleeding diathesis) |
| Anti-topoisomerase antibodies | diffuse systemic scleroderma |
| Anti-transglutaminase/antigliadin antibodies | celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss) |
| Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts | Auer rods 9acute myelogenous leukemia: especially the promyelocytic type) |
| “bamboo spine” on x-ray | Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27) |
| Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs | Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen) |
| Basophilic stippling of RBCs | lead poisoning or sideroblastic anema |
| Bloody tap on LP | subarachnoid hemorrhage |
| “boot-shaped” heart on X-ray | Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH |
| Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules | Actinomyces israelii |
| Bronchogenic apical lung tumor | Pancoast’s tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s syndrome) |
| “Brown” tumor of bone | Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes borwn color of osteolytic cysts due to: 1. Hyperparathyroidism, 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystic (von Recklinghausen’s disease of bone) |
| Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy | Chagas’ disease (trypanosome cruzi) |
| Cellular crescents in bowman’s capsule | rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis |
| Chocolate cyst of ovary | endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries) |
| Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils | Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma) |
| Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs | Cystic fibrosis (CFTR mutation in caucasisans resulting in fat-souble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs) |
| Degeneration of dorsal column nervs | Tabes dorsalis (Tertiary Syphallis) |
| Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra | parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia) |
| desquamated epithelium casts in sputum | Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs) |
| disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophillic fluid | call-exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary) |
| Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hperchromasia | Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer) |
| Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies | "owl's-eye" appearance of CMV |
| Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei | "orhpan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid) |
| Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell | Lewy Body (parkinson's disease) |
| Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell | Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease) |
| Eosinophic globule in liver | councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever) |
| Eosinphilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells | Rabies virus (Lyssavirus) |
| Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain | Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease |
| Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye") | Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma) |
| Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells | Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor) |
| "hair-on-end" (crew cut) appearance on x-ray | β-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary hematopoiesis) |
| hCG elevated | Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo) |
| Heart nodules (inflammatory) | Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever) |
| Heterophile antibodies | infectious mononucleosis (EBV) |
| Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions | Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules) |
| High level of D-dimers | DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC |
| "honeycomb lung" on x-ray | interstitial fibrosis |
| Hypersegmented neutrophils | Megaloblastic anemia (B12, folate deficiency) |
| Hypochromic, microcytic anemia | Iron deficiency anemia, lead poinsoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present) |
| Increased α-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum | Anecephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects) |
| increased uric acid levels | Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuretics |
| Intranuclear eosinphilic droplet-like bodies | Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or yellow fever) |
| Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum | ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma) |
| Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunocompromised | Chediak-Higashi disease (failure of phagolysosome formation) |
| Low serum ceruloplsamin | Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degneration) |
| "lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence | post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis |
| lytic ("hole-punched") bone lesions on x-ray | Multiple myeloma |
| Mammary gland ("blue-domed") cyst | Fibrocytsic change of the breast |
| monoclonal antibody spike | 1. Multiple Myelmoa (M protein) 2. monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) 3. Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia (M protein) |
| Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine | Bence Jones proteins Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM) |
| Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus | signet ring (gastric carcinoma) |
| Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph | "string sign" (Crohn's Disease) |
| Needle-shaped, negatively birefringement crystaals | Gout (hyperuricemia) |
| Nodular Hyaline deposits in glomeruli | Kimmelsteil-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy) |
| "nutmeg" appearance of liver | Crhonic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure |
| "onion-skin" periosteal reaction | Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor) |
| Periosteum raided from bone, creating triangular area | Codman's triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis) |
| podocyte fusion on EM | minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome) |
| Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion | Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis) |
| protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau | neurofibrillary tangles (alzheimer's disease and CJD) |
| pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement | glioblastoma multiforme |
| RBC casts in urine | acute glomerulonephritis |
| rectangular, crystal-like inclusions in leydig cells | Reinke crystals (ledig cell tumor) |
| Renal epithelial casts in urine | acute toxic/viral nephrosis |
| Rhomboid crystals, positively bifringent | pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate) |
| Rib notching | coarctation of the aorta |
| Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells (“starry sky” appearance on histology) | Burkitt’s lymphoma (t[8 |
| Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons | Pick bodies (Pick’s disease: progressive dementia, similar to alzheimers) |
| Small granulomatous lesion in lungs (can calcify) | Ghon focus (Primary TB: mycobacterium bacilli) |
| Small, round RBC inclusions | Heinz bodies (G6PD deficiency, α-thalassemia, chronic liver disease) |
| “soap bubble” on x-ray | Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign) |
| “Spikes” on basement membrane, “dome-like” endothelial deposits | Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephritic syndrome) |
| Stacks of red blood cells | Rouleaux formation (high ESR: multiple myloma) |
| Stippled vaginal epithelial cells | “clue cells” (gardnerella vaginalis) |
| “tennis-racket”-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in langerhans cells | Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma) |
| Thrombi made of white/red layers | Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs) |
| “thumb sign” on lateral x-ray | Epiglottitis (H. influenzae) |
| Thyroid-like appearance of kidney | chronic bacterial pyelonephritis |
| “Tram-track” appearance on LM | membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis |
| Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles | fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome) |
| WBCs that look “smudged” | CLL (almost always B cell |
| “Wire loop” glomerular appearance on LM | Lupus nephropathy |
| Yellow CSF | xanthochromia (subarachnoid hemorrhage) |
Created by:
HY90X
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