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Hy - FA Rapid Review
Hy - FA Rapid Review - Key Associations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Actinic (solar) keratosis | squamous cell carcinoma |
| Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury | Cushings ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion) |
| Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns | curling’s ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa) |
| Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon | skip lesions (Crohn’s disease: autoimmune) |
| Aneurysm, dissecting | HTN |
| Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta | atherosclerosis |
| Aortic aneurysm, ascending | Tertiary syphilis |
| Atrophy of the mammillary bodies | Wernicke’s encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion) |
| Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage) | sickle cell anemia (HbS) |
| Bacteremia/pneumonia (IV drug user) | S. aureus |
| Bacteria associated with stomach cancer | H. pylori |
| Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly) | S. pneumoniae |
| Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids) | Group B streptococcus (newborns), S. pneumoniae/N. meningitides (kids) |
| Benign melanocytic nevus | spitz nevus (most common in first two decades) |
| Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency | Bernard-soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion) |
| Brain tumor (adults) | supratentorial: mets > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma |
| Brain tumor (kids) | infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum) |
| Breast Cancer | infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in th US, 1 in 9 women will develop breast CA) |
| Breast mass | 1. Fibrocystic change 2. Carcinoma (post menopausal) |
| Breast tumor (benign) | fibroadenmoa |
| Bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia patient | Klebsiella |
| Cardiac primary tumor (kids) | rhabdomyoma |
| Cardiac manifestation of lupus | libman-sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting mitral) |
| Cardiac tumor (adults) | 1. Metastasis 2. Primary myxoma 94:1 left to right atrium |
| Cardiomyopathy | dilated cardiomyopathy (40% are familial) |
| Cerebellar tonsillar herniation | Arnold- chiari malformation (often causes hydrocephalus) |
| Chronic arrhythmia | atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli) |
| Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune) | predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia) |
| Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina | DES exposure in utero |
| Congenital adrenal hyperplasia | 21-hydroxylase deficiency |
| Congenital cardiac anomaly | VSD |
| Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemias (black liver) | Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatoocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile) |
| Constrictive pericarditis in developing world | tuberculosis |
| Coronary artery involved in thrombosis | LAD>RCA>LCA |
| Cretinism | iodine deficit/hypothyroidism |
| Cushing’s syndrome | 1. Corticosteroid therapy 2. Excess ACTH secretion by pituitary |
| Cyanosis (early;less common) | tetralogy of fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus |
| Cyanosis (late; more common) | VSD, ASD, PDA |
| Death in CML | blast crisis |
| Death in SLE | Lupus nephropathy |
| Dementia | 1. Alzheimer’s disease 2. Multiple infarcts |
| Demyelinating disease | Multiple sclerosis |
| DIC | gram-negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma |
| Dietary deficit | iron |
| Diverticulum in pharynx | Zenker’s diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow) |
| Ejection click | aortic/pulmonic stenosis |
| Esophageal cancer | squamous cell carcinoma |
| Food poisoning | S. aureus |
| Gene involved in cancer | p53 tumor suppressor gene |
| Glomerulonephritis (adults) | Berger’s Disease (IgA nephropathy) |
| Gynecologic malignancy | endometrial carcinoma |
| Heart murmur | mitral valve prolapsed |
| Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis | mitral (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse), aortic (2nd affected in rheumatic fever) |
| Helmith infection (US) | 1. Enterobius vermicularis 2. Ascaris lumbricoides |
| Hematoma -- epidural | rupture of middle meningeal artery (arterial bleeding is fast) |
| Hematoma -- subdural | rupture of bridging veins (trauma; venous bleeding is slow) |
| Hemochromatosis | multiple blood transfusions (can rsult in CHF and incrased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma) |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | cirrhotic liver (Hep B and C) |
| Hereditary bleeding disorder | von Willebrand's disease |
| hereditary harmless jaundice | Gilbert's syndrome (benign congential unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) |
| HLA-B27 | Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis |
| HLA-DR3 or DR4 | Diabetes mellitus type I, RA, SLE |
| Holosystolic murmur | VSD, tricuspid regurg, mitral regurg |
| Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis | Virchow's triad (venus thrombosis) |
| Secondary Hypertension | Renal Disease |
| Hypoparathyroidism | thyroidectomy |
| Hypopituitarism | adenoma |
| infection in blood transfusion | Hep C |
| Kidney stones | Calcium |
| Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L to R becomes R to L) | Eisenmenger's syndrome 9caused by ASD, VSD, PDA) |
| Liver disease | alcoholic liver disease |
| Lysosomal storage disease | Gaucher's disease |
| male cancer | prostatic carcinoma |
| malignancy associated with noninfectious fever | Hodgkin's Lymphoma |
| malignant skin tumor | basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes) |
| mental retardation | Down syndrome or fragile X |
| mets to bone | breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney |
| mets to brain | lung, breAST, SKIN, KIDNEY, gi |
| METS TO LIVER | Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung |
| mitral valve stenosis | rheumatic heart disease |
| motor neuron disease | ALS |
| myocarditis | Coxsackie B |
| Neoplasm (KIDS) | ALL or cerebellar medlloblastoma |
| Nephrotic syndrome (adults) | membranous glomerulonephritis |
| Nephrotic syndrome (kids) | Minimal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosterois) |
| obstruction of male urinary tract | BPH |
| Opensing snap | mitral stenosis |
| opportunistic infections in AIDS | penumocystits jiroveci pneumonia |
| Organ receiving mets | adrenal glands (due to rich blood supply) |
| Organ sending mets | Lung > breast, stomach |
| Osteomyelitis | S. aureus |
| Osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease | salmonella |
| osteomyelitis with IV drug abuse | Pseudomonas |
| ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast CA | Krukenberg tumor (mucin secreting signet ring cells) |
| Ovarian tumor (benign) | serous cystadenoma |
| Ovarian tumor (malignant) | serous cystadenocarcinoma |
| pancreatic tumor | adenocarcinoma (head of pancreas) |
| pancreatitis (acute) | EtOH and gallstones |
| Pancreatitis (chronic) | EtOH (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids) |
| Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML | All: child, CLL: adult>60, AML: adult>60, CML: adult 35-50 |
| patient with Hodgkin's disease | young male (except nodular sclerosis type: female) |
| Pelvic inflammatory disease | Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis) |
| Philadelphia chromosome | CML |
| bcr-abl | CML |
| Pituitary tumor | prolactinoma, somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma |
| Pneumonia, hospital acquired | Klebsiella |
| primary amenorrhea | turner's syndrome (XO) |
| Primary bone tumor (adults) | multiple myeloma |
| Primary hyperaldosteronism | adenoma of adrenal cortex |
| Primary hyperparathyroidism | adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma |
| Primary liver cancer | hepatocellular carcinoma |
| pulmonary hypertension | COPD |
| recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities | Buerger's disease (strongly associated with tobacco) |
| Renal tumor | Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and adult Polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic syndromes |
| Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause | Cor pulmonale |
| S3 (protodiastolic gallop) | Increased ventricular filling (L to R shunt, mitral regurge, LV failure [CHF]) |
| S4 (presystolic gallop) | Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy) |
| Secondary hyperparathydoirdsm | hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease |
| Sexually transmitted disease | Chlamydia |
| SIADH? | small cell carcinoma of the lung |
| site of diverticula | sigmoid colon |
| site of metastasis | regional lymph nodes, liver |
| sites of atherosclerosis | ABD aorta > coronary popliteal > carotid |
| stomach cancer | adenocarcinoma |
| stomach ulcerations with high gastrin levels | Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas) |
| t(14;18) | Follicular lymphoma (bcl-2 activations) |
| t(8;14) | Burkitt's Lymphoma (c-myc) |
| t(9;22) | Philadelphia Chromosome; CML (bcr-abl |
| Temporal arteritis | risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery |
| testicular tumor | seminoma |
| thyroid cancer | papillary carcinoma |
| tumor in women | leiomyoma (estrogen dependent |
| tumor of infancy | hemangioma |
| tumor of adrenal medulla (adults) | pheochromocytoma |
| tumor of adrenal medulla (kids) | neuroblastoma (malignant) |
| type of hodgkin's | nodular sclerosis (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocity predominance, lymphocytic depleion) |
| type of non-Hodkins | Diffuse large cell |
| UTI | E. coli, S. saprophyticus |
| Viral encephalitis | HSV |
| Vitamin deficiency (US) | Folic Acid |
Created by:
HY90X
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