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Hy - Anatomy
Hy - Anatomy - All Topics Combined - One-Liners
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Exaggerated over-curvature of thoracic area of vertebral column | Kyphosis |
| Lateral deviation of vertebral column | Scoliosis |
| Major feature of cervical vertebrae | Transverse foramina |
| Vertebra located at level of iliac crest | L4 |
| Ligament that connects internal surface of laminae of vertebrae | Ligamentum flavum |
| Ligament that checks hyperextension of vertebral column | Anterior longitudinal |
| Ligament affected by whiplash injury | Anterior longitudinal |
| Ligament which limits skull rotation | Alar |
| Defective portion of vertebra with spondylolisthesis in cervical area | Pedicle |
| Defective portion of vertebra with spondylolisthesis in lumbar area | Pars interarticularis, Lamina |
| Common direction of all superior articular facets of vertebrae | Posterior |
| Structure in contact with posterior surface of dens | Transverse ligament of atlas (part of cruciate) |
| Most commonly herniated intervertebral disc | L4-5 |
| Most common nerve compressed with herniated intervertebral disc | L5 |
| Spinal nerve affected by protrusion of the disc between C5/6 | C6 |
| Thoracic intercostal space located deep to triangle of auscultation | sixth |
| Vertebral level of lumbar puncture | L4 |
| Innervation of suboccipital muscles | Suboccipital nerve |
| Roof of suboccipital triangle | Semispinalis capitis |
| Floor of suboccipital triangle | Posterior arch of atlas; posterior atlanto-occipital membrane |
| Major vessel within suboccipital triangle | Vertebral artery |
| Synonym for dorsal ramus of C2 | Greater occipital nerve |
| Inferior extent of dura-arachnoid sac | SV2 |
| Inferior extent of spinal cord | LV2 |
| Location of internal vertebral plexus | Epidural space |
| Most frequently fractured bone of body | Clavicle |
| Most frequently dislocated carpal bone | Lunate |
| Most frequently fracture carpal bone | Scaphoid |
| Name of fracture of distal radius that produces “dinner fork” appearance | Colle’s fracture |
| Nerve injured with fracture of surgical neck of humerus | Axillary |
| Nerve injured with fracture of medial humeral epicondyle | Ulnar |
| Nerve injured with fracture of shaft of humerus | Radial |
| Nerve injured in wrist drop | Radial |
| Muscle that is chief flexor and chief extensor at shoulder joint | Deltoid |
| Muscles innervated by axillary nerve | Deltoid and teres minor |
| Muscle that initiates abduction of arm | Supraspinatus |
| Most commonly torn tendon of rotator cuff | Supraspinatus |
| Two muscles that rotate scapula for full abduction of arm | Trapezius and serratus anterior |
| Tendon that courses through shoulder joint | Long head of biceps |
| Chief supinator muscle of hand | Biceps brachii |
| Injury to what nerve causes winged scapula | Long thoracic nerve |
| Spinal levels of axillary nerve | C5 and C6 |
| Spinal levels to muscles of the hand | C8 and T1 |
| Dermatome of thumb | C6 |
| Nerve to thenar compartment | Recurrent branch of Median |
| Innervation of adductor pollicis | Ulnar (deep br.) |
| Innervation to all interosseous muscles | Ulnar (deep br.) |
| Region affected by upper trunk injury of brachial plexus | Shoulder |
| Region affected by lower trunk injury of brachial plexus | Intrinsic hand muscles |
| Nerve compressed with carpal tunnel syndrome | Median |
| Nerve affected by cubital tunnel syndrome | Ulnar |
| Paralysis of which muscles results in total “claw” hand | Lumbricals |
| Boundaries of femoral triangle | Inguinal ligament, sartorius and adductor longus |
| Structure immediately lateral to femoral sheath | Femoral nerve |
| Structure immediately medial to femoral artery in femoral sheath | Femoral vein |
| Contents of femoral canal | Deep inguinal lymph nodes |
| Medial boundary of femoral ring | Lacunar ligament |
| Structures that course throughout entire length of adductor canal | Femoral artery and vein |
| Structures that course through only portion of adductor canal | Saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis, descending genicular vessels |
| Muscle that forms floor of popliteal fossa | Popliteus |
| Muscle that is chief flexor at hip joint | Iliopsoas |
| Muscle that prevents pelvis from tilting when walking | Gluteus medius |
| Muscle that extends leg | Quadriceps femoris |
| Muscle that unlocks knee joint | Popliteus |
| Muscle affected with “foot slap” | Tibialis anterior |
| Chief invertors of foot | Tibialis anterior and posterior |
| Chief evertors of foot | Fibularis longus and brevis |
| Ligament that checks backward displacement of femur on tibia | Anterior cruciate |
| Ligament laxity with positive valgus maneuver | Medial collateral |
| Most commonly injured ankle ligament | Anterior talofibular |
| Ligament stretched with “flat foot” | Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) |
| Joints for movements of inversion and eversion | Subtalar and transverse Tarsal |
| Major artery to head of femur in adult | Medial femoral circumflex |
| Nerve affected with fracture of head and neck of fibula | Common fibular |
| Tendon affected with avulsion fracture of 5th metatarsal | Fibularis brevis |
| Innervation of adductor magnus | Obturator, tibial portion of Sciatic |
| Nerve affected with tarsal tunnel syndrome | Tibial |
| Cutaneous innervation to medial side of foot | Saphenous (L4) |
| Cutaneous innervation to lateral side of foot | Sural (S1) |
| Cutaneous innervation of heel | Tibial |
| Cutaneous innervation to dorsal aspect of web between toes 1 and 2 | Deep fibular |
| Cutaneous innervation of most of dorsum of foot | Superficial fibular |
| Major dermatome to big toe | L4 |
| Dermatome to small toe | S1 |
| Spinal level of patellar reflex | L4 |
| Spinal level of Achilles reflex | S1 |
| Locking of knee when walking suggests | Meniscus injury |
| Major injury triad with lateral impact to knee | Medial collateral, medial meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament |
| Dermatome around nipple | T4 |
| Vertebral level at inferior angle of scapula | TV7 |
| Structure that lies immediately posterior to manubrium | Thymus |
| Rib related to oblique fissure of lung posteriorly | 2nd |
| Rib paralleled by horizontal fissure of right lung | 4th |
| Inferior extent of lung at midclavicular line | 6th rib |
| Inferior extent of pleura at midclavicular line | 8th rib |
| Inferior extent of lung at midaxillary line | 8th rib |
| Inferior extent of pleura at midaxillary line | 10th rib |
| Inferior extent of lung posteriorly | 10th rib |
| Inferior extent of pleura posteriorly | 12th rib |
| Innervation of costal pleura | Intercostal nerve |
| Innervation of mediastinal pleura | Phrenic nerve |
| Site for auscultation of pulmonary valve | Left 2nd interspace |
| Site for auscultation of aortic valve | Right 2nd interspace |
| Site for auscultation of tricuspid valve | Xiphisternal joint |
| Site for auscultation of mitral valve | Left 5th interspace, midclavicular line |
| Heart chamber with greatest sternocostal projection | Right ventricle |
| Chamber that forms apex of heart | Left ventricle |
| major chamber that forms base of heart | Left atrium |
| Heart chamber that contains moderator band | Right ventricle |
| Artery that determines coronary dominance | Posterior interventricular |
| Usual origin of SA and AV nodal arteries | Right coronary artery |
| Location of SA node | Cristae terminalis |
| Major vessel that drains the musculature of the heart | Coronary sinus |
| Innervation of fibrous pericardium | Phrenic nerve |
| Most common cause of systolic ejection murmur | Aortic stenosis |
| Rib associated with sternal angle | Second rib |
| Vertebral level associated with sternal angle | Disc between TV4-5 |
| Location of ductus arteriosus | Between left pulmonary artery and aorta |
| Nerve potentially injured with repair of patent ductus arteriosus | Left recurrent laryngeal Nerve |
| Veins that unite to form brachiocephalic | Subclavian and internal Jugular |
| Veins that unite to form superior vena cava | Right and left Brachiocephalic |
| Termination of azygos vein | Superior vena cava |
| Structures that lie to right and left of thoracic duct | Azygos veins, aorta |
| Spinal levels of greater splanchnic nerve | T5-9 |
| Spinal levels of lesser splanchnic nerve | T10-11 |
| Spinal levels of least splanchnic nerve | T12 |
| Thoracic structures that can compress the esophagus | Left bronchus, aorta and Diaphragm |
| Disease often associated with thymoma | Myasthenia gravis |
| Remnant of umbilical vein | Round ligament of liver |
| Dermatome to umbilical area | T10 |
| Dermatome to suprapubic area | L1 |
| Vertebral level associated with origin of celiac artery | T12 |
| Vertebral level associated with origin of SMA | L1 |
| Vertebral level associated with origin renal arteries | L2 |
| Vertebral level associated with origin of gonadal arteries | L2 |
| Vertebral level associated with origin of IMA | L3 |
| Vertebral level of umbilicus | Disc L3-4 |
| Vertebral level of aortic bifurcation | L5 |
| Vertebral level for formation of IVC | L5 |
| Spinal levels to muscles of anterior abdominal wall | T7 – L1 |
| Structure that forms superficial inguinal ring | Aponeurosis of external Oblique |
| Structure that forms deep inguinal ring | Trasnversalis fasica |
| Structure that form floor of inguinal canal | Inguinal ligament |
| Bony attachments of inguinal ligament | ASIS and pubic tubercle |
| Structures that form conjoint tendon | Internal oblique and transversus abdominis |
| Abdominal layer continuous with external spermatic fascia | External oblique |
| Abdominal continuous with cremasteric fascia | Internal oblique |
| Abdominal layer continuous with internal spermatic fascia | Transversalis fascia |
| Structure that lies between protrusion sites of direct and indirect hernias | Inferior epigastric artery |
| Type of hernia that enters deep inguinal ring | Indirect inguinal |
| Most common type of hernia | Indirect inguinal |
| Most common side for indirect inguinal hernia | Right |
| Type of hernia that protrudes through Hesselbach’s triangle | Direct inguinal |
| Boundaries of Hesselbach’s triangle | Inguinal ligament, rectus abdominis, inferior epigastric artery and vein |
| Type of hernia that traverses both deep and superficial rings | Indirect inguinal |
| Fluid in processus vaginalis | Hydrocele |
| Communication between greater and lesser sacs | Epiploic foramen |
| Superior border of epiploic foramen | Caudate lobe of liver |
| Inferior border of epiploic foramen | Part one of duodenum |
| Posteiror border of epiploic foramen | IVC |
| Ligament that contains portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct | Hepatoduodenal (lesser omentum) |
| Structure that limits spread of ascitic fluid in left paracolic gutter | Phrenicocolic ligament |
| Structuer that limits spread of ascitic fluid within infracolic compartment | Root of mesentary |
| Superior extent of right paracolic gutter | Hepatorenal recess |
| Most inferior portion of peritoneal cavity | Rectouterine pouch |
| Structures supplied by celiac artery | Stomach, duodenum, liver, spleen, gallbladder, pancreas |
| Branches of celiac artery | Left gastric, common hepatic and splenic |
| Blood supply to stomach | Right and left gastroepiploics, right, left and short gastric |
| Major structures of bed of stomach | Pancreas, spleen, left kidney and suprarenal gland, diaphragm |
| Ducts that join to form common bile duct | Cystic and common Hepatic |
| Structure that separates right and left lobes of liver | Falciform ligament |
| Origin of cystic artery | Right hepatic artery |
| Ribs directly related to spleen | Ribs 9-11 |
| Organs related to spleen | Stomach, colon, left kidney, tail of pancreas |
| Artery to small intestine | SMA |
| Organs supplied by both celiac and SMA | Duodenum, pancreas |
| Organs supplied by both SMA and IMA | Transverse colon |
| Vessel located posterior to head of pancreas | IVC |
| Vessel located posterior to neck of pancreas | Portal vein |
| Veins that unite to form portal vein | Splenic and SMV |
| Clinically importatnt organs for portacaval anastomoses | Esophagus, rectum, liver |
| Two structures that lies posterior to SMA near its origin | Left renal vein, duodenum |
| Three distinguishing features of the large intestine | Tenia coli, haustra, epiploic appendages |
| Termination of left gonadal vein | Left renal vein |
| Termination of right gonadal vein | Inferior vena cava |
| Location of initial pain of appendicitis | Umbilical region |
| Motor innervation of diaphragm | Phrenic |
| Sensory innervation of diaphragm | Phrenic + intercostal |
| Spinal levels of phrenic nerve | C3-5 |
| Vertebral level that inferior vena cava traverses diaphragm | T8 |
| Vertebral level that esophagus traverses diaphragm | T10 |
| Structures that traverse diaphragm with esophagus | Vagal trunks |
| Vertebral level that aorta traverses diaphragm | T12 |
| Structure that traverses diaphragm with aorta | Thoracic duct |
| Structure that traverses diaphragm through crura | Greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves |
| Structure that separates pelvis and perineum | Pelvic diaphragm |
| Two major components of pelvic diaphragm | Levator ani + coccygeus |
| Two major components of levator ani | Pubococcygeus and Iliococcygeus |
| Two muscles which close lateral pelvic wall | Obturator internus and Piriformis |
| Means by which obturator internus exits pelvis | Lesser sciatic foramen |
| Means by which piriformis exits pelvis | Greater sciatic foramen |
| Innervation of detrusor | Pelvic splanchnics (S2-4) |
| Remnants of umbilical arteries | Medial umbilical ligaments |
| Chief artery to rectal mucosa | Superior rectal |
| Most common type of pelvic inlet in females | Gynecoid |
| Two remnants of gubernaculum in females | Ovarian and round Ligament |
| Ligament that contains ovarian vessels | Suspensory ligament of Ovary |
| Lymph nodes for ovary and testes | Lumbar |
| Normal position of uterus | Anterverted, anteflexed |
| Chief uterine support | Pubococcygeus |
| Ligament that contains uterine vessels | Lateral cervical |
| Structure potentially injured with hysterectomy | Ureter |
| Relation of ureter to uterine artery | Inferior and posterior |
| Structure that separates deep and superficial perineal spaces | Perineal membrane |
| Bony landmarks between anal and UG triangles | Ischial tuberosities |
| Lateral wall of ischioanal fossa | Fascia of obturator Internus |
| Structure that forms the pudendal canal | Fascia of obturator Internus |
| Structure that separates internal and external hemorrhoids | Pectinate line |
| Lymph nodes for area superior to pectinate line of anal canal | Internal iliac, IM |
| Lymph nodes for area inferior to pectinate line of anal canal | Superficial inguinal |
| Major structure of deep perineal space | Sphincter urethrae |
| Lymph nodes for glans penis | Deep inguinal |
| Muscle which compresses the bulb of penis | Bulbospongiosus |
| Muscle which compresses the crus of penis | Ischiocavernosus |
| Muscles which meet at the perineal body | Superficial and deep perineal, bulbospongiosus, external anal sphincter, pubococcygeus |
| Vertebral level of hyoid bone | CV3 |
| Vertebral level of thyroid cartilage | CV4,5 |
| Vertebral level of cricoid cartilage | CV6 |
| Muscles that are innervated by CN XI | Trapezius, SCM |
| Structures that course between anterior and middle scalene | Brachial plexus, subclavian artery |
| Innervation of omohyoid, sternohyoid and sternothyroid | Ansa cervicalis |
| Innervation of digastric | Anterior belly |
| Innervation of carotid sinus and carotid body | CN IX, CN X |
| Major structures to pass through pharyngeal wall superior to superior constrictor | Auditory tube, levator veli Palatini |
| Nerves of pharyngeal plexus | CN IX, CN X, Sympathetics |
| Only muscle innervated by CN IX | Stylopharyngeus |
| Structures that pierce thyrohyoid membrane | Internal laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal artery |
| Only muscle to abduct vocal cords | Posterior cricoarytenoid |
| Innervation of cricothyroid | External laryngeal nerve |
| Innervation of laryngeal muscles exclusive of cricothyroid | Recurrent laryngeal |
| Muscle that increases tension on vocal cords | Cricothyroid |
| Sensory nerve to larynx superior to vocal cords | Internal laryngeal |
| Sensory nerve to larynx inferior to vocal cords | Recurrent laryngeal |
| Site of aspirated lodged fishbone | Piriform recess |
| Afferent – efferent limbs of gag reflex | CN IX – CN X |
| Afferent – efferent limbs of cough reflex | CN X – CN X |
| Nerve injury that causes hoarseness following thyroid surgery | Recurrent laryngeal |
| Chief structures that traverse internal acoustic meatus | CN VII and VIII |
| Foramen where CN VII exits skull | Stylomastoid foramen |
| Major arterial supply to calvaria and supratentorial dura | Middle meningeal |
| Major cutaneous nerve of face | CN V |
| Major artery to internal structures of head | Maxillary |
| Spinal levels of sympathetic fibers to head | T1 – 2 |
| Autonomic ganglia for CN III | Ciliary |
| Sensory ganglia for CN VII | Geniculate |
| Autonomic ganglia for CN VII | PPG and submandibular |
| Autonomic ganglia for CN IX | Otic |
| Muscle attached to disc of TMJ | Lateral pterygoid |
| Muscle that retracts mandible | Temporalis |
| Major nerve to TMJ (pain) | Auriculotemporal |
| Specific nerves that elicit secretion from the parotid gland | Tympanic branch of CN IX and lesser petrosal |
| Branch of CN V that carries parasympathetics to parotid | Auriculotemporal |
| Structure that opens into superior meatus of nasal cavity | Posterior ethmoid sinus |
| Structures that open into middle meatus of nasal cavity | Frontal, maxillary, anterior and middle ethmoid |
| Structures that opens into inferior meatus of nasal cavity | Nasolacrimal duct |
| Major artery to nasal cavity | Sphenopalatine |
| Most common site of nose bleed | Kiesselbach’s plexus |
| Innervation of levator veli palatini | CN X |
| Muscle that opens auditory tube | Tensor veli palatini |
| Innervation of tensor veli palatini | CN V3 |
| Nerve that provides taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue | Chorda tympani |
| Site of cell bodies for nerve that carries taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue | Geniculate ganglion |
| Specific nerve that elicits secretion from submandibular gland | Chorda tympani |
| Branch of CN V that carries parasympathetic to submandibular | Lingual |
| Nerve injured when tonsilar pillars sag and uvula deviates | CN X |
| Nerve potentially injured with tonsillectomy | CN IX |
| Muscle that protrudes tongue | Genioglossus |
| Nerve injured when deviation of protruded tongue | Ipsilateral CN XII |
| Specific nerve that stimulates tear production | Greater petrosal CN VII |
| Sensory nerve to cornea | CN V1 (nasociliary) |
| Muscle that elevates and abducts eye | Inferior oblique |
| Muscle that depresses and abducts eye | Superior oblique |
| Site of preganglionic nerve cells that elicits dilation of pupil | Lateral horn, T1 - 2 |
| Site of postganglionic nerve cells that elicits dilation of pupil | Superior cervical ganglion |
| Site of preganglionic nerve cells that elicits constriction of pupil | Edinger-Westphal |
| Site of postganglionic nerve cells that elicits constriction of pupil | Ciliary ganglion |
| Innervation of external surface of tympanic membrane | Auriculotemporal, CN X |
| Innervation of internal surface of tympanic membrane | CN IX |
| Level where ascending aorta is continuous with arch of aorta | TV4-5 |
| Level where arch of aorta is continuous with descending aorta | TV4-5 |
| Effect of sympathetic nerves on lungs | Bronchodilation, Vasoconstriction |
| Effect of parasympathetic nerves on lungs | Bronchoconstriction, Vasodilation |
| Rationale for aspirated small objects to go to right primary bronchus | Wider diameter, shorter and more vertical |
| Needle location for therapeutic pleural tapping | Superior to 12th rib, posteriorly |
| Name given to portion of right ventricle prior to beginning of pulmonary trunk | conus arteriosum or infundibulum |
| Name given to orientation where uterus and vagina intersect at angle of 90 degrees | Anteversion |
| Name given to orientation where uterine body and cervix intersect at angle of 10-15 degrees | Anteflexion |
| Ridge located between sinus venarum and right ventricle | Cristae terminalis |
| Nerve at risk when performing thyroidectomy | Both left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves |
| Specific muscle that holds patella in place | Vastus medialis |
| First portion of quadriceps femoris to atrophy with injury to femoral nerve | Vastus medialis |
| Last portion of quadriceps femoris to recover following injury | Vastus medialis |
| Innervation to nail bed of middle finger | Median nerve |
| Innervation to nail bed of ring finger | Ulnar and median |
| Spinal nerve affected with herniated disc at L3/L4 | L4 |
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