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Bio230 Ch 6 Quiz

Essential Cell Biology: DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

QuestionAnswer
1) Which statement describes the DNA in daughter cells? The double helices in each daughter cell consist of one parental stand and one newly made strand.
2) Which term describes DNA replication? Semiconservative
3) What kinds of bonds link the two strands of a double helix to each other? Hydrogen bonds.
4) DNA synthesis begins at? the replication origins.
5) Replication origins typically consist of a small stretch of DNA that is relatively easy to open. Which statement is true? Replication origins are rich in A and T nucleotides.
6) DNA synthesis proceeds in from? 5’ to the 3’ direction.
7) Nucleotides are linked by? phosphodiester bonds.
8) What provides the energy for DNA polymerization? The hydrolysis of incoming nucleoside triphosphates (releasing PPi)
9) At a replication fork, both strands of DNA are replicated in the 5’ to 3’ direction. True or False? True
10) At a replication fork, the leading strand is synthesized? continuously.
11) At a replication fork, the lagging strand is synthesized? discontinuously.
12) How often does DNA polymerase make an error during DNA replication? One in 10,000,000 nucleotide pairs.
13) When does DNA polymerase perform its proofreading function on mispaired nucleotides? Before adding the next nucleotide in the chain
14) The proofreading activity of DNA polymerase occurs in which direction? 3’ to 5’
15) During DNA replication, DNA polymerase initiates a completely new DNA strand from scratch. True or False? False
16) Which of the following describes a primer used in DNA replication? A short segment (about 10 nucleotides) of RNA
17) DNA replication requires two primers, one primer for the lagging strand and one primer for the leading strand. True or False? False
18) What powers the action of helicase at the replication fork, where it opens up the double helix? ATP hydrolysis
19) What is the function of single-strand binding proteins in DNA replication? They bind to single-stranded DNA and prevent the single-strands from re-forming base pairs.
20) What is the function of the sliding clamp in DNA replication? It keeps DNA polymerase firmly attached to the template while it synthesizes a new strand of DNA.
21) The enzyme that replicates the ends of chromosomes is called? telomerase.
22) Single nucleotide changes have deleterious effects on the proteins they encode. When? Sometimes
23) Copying errors not caught by the replication machinery can be corrected by? the DNA Mismatch Repair System.
24) DNA mismatch repair can correct what percentage of replication errors? 99%
25) Most cancers arise form cells that have accumulated multiple mutations. True or False? True
26) What does depurination refer to? The loss of A or G bases from DNA
27) How does ultraviolet radiation in sunlight typically damage DNA? It promotes covalent linkage between two adjacent pyrimidine bases.
28) What type of enzyme removes damaged DNA from the rest of the DNA molecules? Nuclease
29) What type of enzyme fills in the gap after damaged DNA has been removed? Polymerase
30) What type of enzyme seals the newly added (repaired DNA) to the rest of the DNA molecule? Ligase
31) When a cell repairs a double strand DNA break by the process of nonhomologous end joining? the original DNA sequence at the repair site has been altered by a short deletion.
32) Double strand breaks can be repaired flawlessly by? homologous recombination.
33) In addition to its role in DNA repair, homologous recombination is also responsible for generating diversity during what process? Meiosis
34) Homologous recombination occurs only between DNA molecules that are identical in nucleotide sequence. True or False? False
35) The homologous recombination mechanism and the proteins that carry it out are found exclusively in organisms that perform meiosis. True or False? False
36) Mobile genetic elements, also called transposons? provide a source of genetic variation.
37) Mobile genetic elements require DNA sequence similarity to enter a new location on a chromosome. True or False? False
38) Nearly half of the human genome is made up of copies of various mobile genetic elements. Ture or False? True
39) Retrotransposons move from place to place in a genome using what type of intermediate? RNA
40) The DNA in a virus typically encodes all of the enzymes necessary for the reproduction of the virus. True or False? False
41) Viral genomes consist of what type(s) of molecules? Either DNA or RNA
42) Retroviruses like HIV? must copy their RNA into the host’s DNA genome
Created by: Liwa91
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