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Bio230 Ch 5 Quiz

Essential Cell Biology: DNA and Chromosomes

QuestionAnswer
1) Which base pairs are found in DNA? A-T and C-G
2) What type of bond connects base pairs? Hydrogen bond
3) The polarity in a DNA strand is indicated by referring to end as the 3’ end and the other as the 5’ end. Which structure is on the 3’ end? Hydroxyl group
4) What does the term genome refer to? The complete set of information in an organism’s DNA.
5) Each chromosome contains? one long DNA molecule.
6) Which of the following is true for most genes? all of the above, contains the instructions for making a particular protein, RNA, and hereditary characteristics of an organism.
7) The human genome contains approximately how many genes? 25,000
8) What evidence suggests that the large amount of excess “junk” DNA in a genome may serve an important function? A portion of “junk” DNA is highly conserved in its DNA sequence among many different eukaryotic species.
9) The structures that cap the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes are called? telomeres.
10) The structure that allows each duplicated eukaryotic chromosome to be pulled into a daughter cell is called a? centromere.
11) What structure in an interphase cell contains ribosomal RNA and proteins for the formation of ribosomes? Nucleolus
12) The DNA in eukaryotic chromosomes is folded into a compact form by interactions with proteins.
13) The complex of DNA and protein in chromosomes is called? chromatin.
14) Histone proteins pack DNA into a repeating array of DNA-protein particles called? nucleosomes.
15) What statements about nucleosomes is false? Nucleosomes are found only in mitotic chromosomes.
16) Which statement is true about the tight association of histone proteins and DNA? Histone proteins have a high proportion of positively charged amino acids, which attract the negatively charged phosphate groups on DNA.
17) What histone protein (considered a “linker” histone) is thought to pull nucleosomes together into a regular repeating array, resulting in a 30-nm fiber? Histone H1
18) How do chromatin-remodeling complexes work? They use the energy from ATP hydrolysis to alter nucleosomes and make certain regions of the DNA more accessible to other proteins.
19) The core histone proteins have tails that can be chemically modified by what type of group? Any Acetyl, Phosphate, or Methyl.
20) The chromatin of interphase chromosomes, regions of the chromosome that contain genes being expressed are generally more compact, while those that contain quiescent genes are generally more extended. True or False? False
21) What is the most highly condensed form of chromatin? Heterochromatin
22) Histone tail modifications establish and maintain the different chromatin structures found in heterochromatin and euchromatin. True or False? True
23) A cell can decondense its chromatin for every reason except? to silence genes during differentiation.
24) A cell can pass certain types of chromatin structure to daughter cells during cell reproduction. What molecules are key to this type of inheritance? Histone proteins
25) What form of inheritance describes how a cell passes down chromatin structure from parent to daughter cells? Epigenetic inheritance
Created by: Liwa91
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