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Ch 7 Genetics

genetics and heredity

QuestionAnswer
The passing of traits from parents to offspring. HEREDITY
A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes. TRAIT
The scientific study of heredity. GENETICS
The process in which an egg cell and a sperm cell join to form a new organism. FERTILIZATION
The offspring of many generations that have the same traits. PUREBRED
The set of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait. GENE
The different forms of a gene. ALLELES
An allele whose trait always shows up in an organism when the allele is present. DOMINANT ALLELE
An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present. RECESSIVE ALLELE
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait. HYBRID
A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur. PROBABILITY
A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross. PUNNETT SQUARE
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits. PHENOTYPE
Having two identical alleles for a trait. HOMOZYGOUS
Having two different alleles for a trait. HETEROZYGOUS
A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive. CODOMINANCE
The process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half. MEIOSIS
RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm. MESSENGER RNA
RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosomes and adds it to the growing protein chain. TRANSFER RNA
An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations. GENOTYPE
Created by: bwise
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