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Study_Guide_V
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How does the endocrine system maintain homeostasis? | using hormones as chemical messangers. |
| Male hormone testosterone is used to treat ___ | Breast cancer |
| Female hormone estrogen is used to treat ___ | Prostate Cancer |
| Type I Diabetes | AKA: juvenile-onset diabetes (11-13 years of age) pancreas does NOT secrete insulin |
| Type I Diabetes Signs and Symptoms: | -Hyperglycemia (fasting level >126 mg/dL) -Polyuria (excessive urination) -Polyphagia (increase in hunger) -Polydipsia (increase in thirst) -Glucosuria (increase level of glucose in urine) -Weight loss -Fatigue |
| What is the goal in the treatment of Type I Diabetes? | Maintain blood glucose levels with in strict, normal limits |
| Diabetic therapy is highly ____ | individualized |
| Insulin is administered by which route? | SQ |
| Adverse effects of too much insulin. | -hypoglycemia -tachycardia -convulsions |
| Type II Diabetes | AKA: adult onset diabetes -body DOES secrete insulin but insufficiently. -Controlled with diet and excersise |
| What does the thyroid gland control? | basal metabolic rate and affects everycell in the body. -Assess the heart rate |
| Most important assessment. | Heart Rate |
| Thyroid homeostasis, iodine is ____ | essential and our table salt containing this element is usually adequate. |
| Drug for Hypothyroidism | Generic: levothyroxine Brand: syntroid |
| Points about Hypothyroidism (levothyroxine/syntroid) | -a synthetic form of thyoxine (t4) -highly individualized -requires periodic blood monitoring |
| Treatment options for Hypothyroidism (levothyroxine/syntroid) | -methimazole (Trapazote) -propylthiouricil (PTU) -radioactive iodine (131 I) -removal of the thyroid gland |
| Risk factors for peptic ulcer disease | -family history of peptic ulcer disease -type o -smoking tabacco -alcoholic beverages -beverages and food containing caffeine -certain drugs (glucocorticoids, asprin, NSAIDS) -excessive stress (helicobaterpylori infection) |
| Proton Pump inhibitors | (they will have a "prazole" ending) -esomeprazole (nexium) -pantaprazole (protonix) -lansoprazole (prevacid) -omeprazole (prilosec) |
| H2 receptor blockers | -ranitidine (Zantac) -cimetidine (Tagamet) |
| Name of the antiflatulant we studied | Simethicone (Mylicon, GAS-X) |
| Simethicone (Mylicon, GAS-X) mechanism of action | reduces gas bubbles or foaming that cause bloating and discomfort |
| Why would an antibiotic be prescribed for someone with H. pylori? | to treat bacterium |
| This drug PUD produces a thick gel-like substance that coats the ulcer. | Sucraifate/ Carafate |
| Pregnancy category for misoprostol (Cytotec) | Category X |
| _____ is a cathartic and is an ______ solution. | Golytely, Electrolyte |
| Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) is a _________ laxative. | Stimulant |
| Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) overuse can cause... | -tolerance -dependency -electrolyte disturbance |
| Docusate calcium (Colace) is a _________ | stool softner |
| Especially in the elderly, what can possibly help prevent the need for laxatives? | fiber therapy or fiber stimulant. |
| Overuse of opioid antidiarrheal medications can cause _______ | Constipation |
| OTC preparation available for mild diarrhea | Ioperamide/ Imodium |
| What would be given for acute (less severe) cases or gastroenteritis? | Lomotil, Tigan, clear liquid diet |
| Travelling to a foreign country, the doctor might prescribe ___________ because __________. | metronidazole flagyl, antimicrobial antiprotozoan |
| Antihistamines used for motion sickness | -dimenhydrinate (dramamine) -meclizine (antivert) -hydroxyzine (vistoril, atarax) |
| In addition to motion sickness, what will meclizine (antivert) treat? | Dizziness and feeling like the room is spinning. |
| Antiemetic drug that is a serotonin receptor antagonist | Ondansetron (zofran) |
| Anticholinergic drug to treat motion sickness | Scopolamine (transderm-scop) |
| Good sources of vitamin D | -sun light -supplementation -diet |
| What foods are high in vitamin D | -dairy -dark green leafy veggies -fish |
| Symptoms of hypocalcemia | -confusion -palptations -muscle twitching (nerve excitability) -numbness and tingling in extremities -cramping |
| What is the most common metabolic bone disease? | Osteoporosis |
| What is metabolic bone disease caused from? | lack of calcium and vitamin D |
| Common treatment for metabolic bone disease that has become controversial in recent years | Hormone replacement therapy |
| A selective estrogen receptor modulator | Raloxifene (Evista)(hormone) |
| A common bisphosphonate is... | Fosamax/alendronate |
| Define Osteoarthritis | degenerative age onset disease |
| Define Rheumatoid Arthritis | is a systemic autoimmune disorder that causes disfigurement and inflammation of multiple joint and usually occurs at earlier age than osteoarthritis |
| Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis | -Hydroxychioriauine (plaquenil) -Methotrexate (rheumatrex) |
| What causes gout? | accumulation of uric acid in the bloodstream or joint cavities |
| What can trigger gout? | diet, injury, and stress (seafood) |
| Anti-gout agent that is indicated for acute gouty attack | Colchicine |
| Side effect of Colchicine | Gastric upset |
| Define addiction | aggressive and chronic use of substance |
| What usually occurs with physical dependence? | withdrawals |
| Define psychological dependence | disire to continue using (cravings) |
| Dependence usually accurs | after relatively high doses have been used for a long time (also my occur after one use) |
| General Symptoms of withdrawal | -nausea -tremors/seizures -vomitting -desperation -no concern for anybody -reduce to think logically |
| Discussed concerning tolerance | -when body adapts to use -effects of drug takes more and longer to get |
| Name the drug that will reverse CNS and respiratory depression associated with opiate overdose. | Naloxone (Narcan) |
| Will heavy or long-term narcotic use for pain when there is real pain lead to addiction? | Rarely |
Created by:
brtknee
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