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ExploreEvolution
biologewoodman - evolution, Darwin, Lamarck, populations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| differences in the traits an individual may have compared to others in the group it belongs to | variation |
| feature that allows an organism to better survive in its environment | adaptation |
| naturalist believed that use or disuse of a structure or organ would change its size or shape, and that those "acquired characteristics" could be passed on by the individual to its offspring | Lamarck |
| remains of organisms that existed only during specific spans of time over large geographic areas; aides in estimating age of rock layers | index fossil |
| measure of the ability to survive and produce more offspring relative to other members of population in the environment | ecological fitness |
| determines whether a variation is beneficial, neutral, or negative; can be from the environment or from humans | selective pressure |
| humans choose which genetic variations in plants and animals to keep and which to phase out | artificial selection |
| change in species over time | evolution |
| individuals that have inherited beneficial variations produce more offspring than do other individuals, with selective pressure from the environment | natural selection |
| ability or likelihood a trait will be passed on to offspring | heritability |
| over time, natural selection results in species with adaptations well suited for survival and reproduction | descent with modification |
| the placement of species across the globe | biogeography |
| similar in structure/function in different organisms, points to a common ancient ancestor | homologous structures |
| similar in structure/function but have different origins | analagous structures |
| remnants of organs or structures that may have had a function in a recent ancestor, but no longer serve any useful purpose | vestigial structures |
| species with different backgrounds/ancestors become more similar over time due to a shared environment | convergent evolution |
| species begin with a common ancestor and become increasingly different, adapted to different realized niche | divergent evolution |
| reproductive, behavioral, geographic, temporal... all lead to speciation | 4 forms of isolation |
| process by which new species arise | speciation |
| representation of the of the 4.6 billion year history of the earth, using eras, periods, and epochs | geologic time scale |
| study of fossils or extinct organisms | paleontology |
| the study of similarities between developing offspring of many different species | embryology |
| Swedish botanist who came up with a system of classification called binomial nomenclature- used in taxonomy | Linnaeus |
| evolution of diverse descendant species from a common ancestor | adaptive radiation |
| movement of alleles from one population to another | gene flow |
| measure of how common the genetic material for a trait is in a population | allele frequency |
| method of assessing age of rock or fossil specimen by radioactive decay; measures ratio of isotope remaining and the half life of the element to calculate age | radiometric dating |
| method of assessing age of a rock or fossil specimen; approximate, using layer position and contents | relative dating |
| process by which two or more species adapt in response to changes in each other | coevolution |
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biologewoodman
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