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Science Module 6
Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Digestion | the breakdown of absorbed substances |
| Respiration | the breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy |
| Homeostasis | maintaining the status quo |
| Reproduction | producing more cells |
| Excretion | the removal of soluble waste materials |
| absorbtion | the transport of dissolved substances into cells |
| cytoplasmic streaming | the motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cells contents |
| Secretion | the release of biosynthesized substances |
| Egestion | the removal of non soluble waste materials |
| cell wall | a rigid structure on the outside of certain cells usually plant and bacteria cells |
| middle lamella | a thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells |
| plasma membrane | the semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and either the cell wall or the cells surroundings |
| cytoplasm | a jellylike fluid in which all of the cells organelles are suspended |
| ions | substances in which at least one atom has an imbalance of protons and electrons |
| mitochondria | the organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy |
| lysosomes | the organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions that breakdown proteins, polysacharides, disacharides, and some lipids |
| Ribosomes | non membrane bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis |
| Rough ER | ER with dotted ribosomes |
| Smooth ER | ER with no ribosomes |
| Luecoplasts | organelles that store starches or oils |
| chromoplasts | organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis |
| central vacuole | a large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains high concentration |
| Waste Vacuole | vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion |
| Phagocytosis | the process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells |
| Phagocytic vacuole | a vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs |
| Pinocytic vesicle | vesicle formed at the plasma membrane to allow the absorption of large molecules |
| Secretion vesicle | vesicle that holds secretion products so that they can be transported to the plasma membrane and released |
| Golgi bodies | the organelles where proteins and lipids are stored and then modified to suit the needs of the cell |
| Microtubules | spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike structure |
| Nuclear Membrane | a highly porous membrane that seperates the nucleus from the cytoplasm |
| chromatin | clusters of DNA RNA and proteins in the nucleus of a cell |
| Cytoskeleton | a network of fibers that holds a cell together helps a cell keep its shape and aid its movement |
| microfilaments | fine threadlike protein found in a cells cytoskeleton |
| intermediate filaments | threadlike protiens in the cells cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments |
| phospholipid | a lipid in which one of the fatty acid molecules has been replaced by molecules that contain a phosphate group |
| passive transport | movement of the molecules through the plasma membrane according to the dictates of osmosis or diffusion |
| active transport | movement of molecules throgh the plasma membrane aided by a process that produces internet |
| isotonic solution | a solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution |
| hypertonic solution | a solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that in the solution |
| plasmolysis | collapse of a walled cells cytoplasm due to a lack of water |
| cytolysis | the rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure |
| hypotonic solution | a solution in which the concentration of a solution is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution |
| activation energy | energy necessary to get a chemical reaction |
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