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muscular system,
fund of body structures, chapter 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| three types of muscle | skeletal, smooth, cardiac |
| skeletal muscles are | voluntary |
| Ex. of skeletal muscles | biceps brachii, triceps brachii |
| most voluntary and skeletal muscles are connected to a bone by a strong, tough, nonelastic, white collagenous fibrous cord known as a | tendon |
| smooth muscles are | involuntary |
| Ex. of smooth muscles | GI tract, uterus, blood vessels, and urinary bladder |
| cardiac muscle is | involuntary |
| cardiac muscle is unique because when one cardiac muscle cell is stimulated | all the cardiac muscle cells are stimulated |
| stimulation of the cardiac muscle causes the cells to | contract together |
| cardiac muscle cells also have the unique ability to | receive an impulse, contract, immediately relax, and then receive another impulse |
| a steady or constant state of partial contraction maintained in a muscle is called | muscle tone |
| some muscle cells in a muscle will always be contracting while other muscle cells | are at rest |
| muscles in contraction will rest while those muscles that were resting will go into | contraction |
| muscles contraction and relaxation allows us to maintain body posture for | long periods of time without tiring |
| muscle contraction and relaxation is accomplished because nerve impulses | alternate between various groups of muscle cells thus allowing all to have periods of rest |
| two types of muscle contraction include | isotonic and isometric |
| isotonic contractions occur when | lifting a weight, muscles become shorter and thicker and the tone (tension) remains the same |
| isometric contractions occur when | pushing against a wall the muscles involved remain at a constant length and the tone(tension) against the muscle increases |
| the more fixed attachment of a muscle that serves as a basis for the action is the | origin |
| the movable attachment where the effects of muscular contraction are seen is called the | insertion |
| adductor | movement of a limb toward the midline of a body |
| abductor | movement of a limb away from the midline of the body |
| flexor | bending a limb at a joint |
| extensor | extending a limb at a joint |
| muscles can be named according to their shape such as | quadratus(square), trapezius(triangular) |
| the frontalis muscles | raises your eyebrows |
| sternocleidomastoid muscles are primary used, | to move the head, |
| muscles can be named according to their location such as | frontalis, tibialis, radialis |
| muscles can be named according to the number of divisions such as | biceps brachii, triceps brachii, quadriceps |
| muscles can be named according to the direction their fibers run such as | transverse or oblique |
| muscles that rotate a limb are called | rotators |
| movement of the foot upward is called | dorsiflexion |
| movement of the foot toward the ground is called | plantar flexion |
| turning the palm so that it faces the ground is called | pronation |
| the two muscles that cause your palm to face downward are called the | pronator teres and pronator quadratus |
| turning the palm upwards is called | supination |
| the muscle that causes your palm to face upward is called the | supinator muscle |
| the muscle that draws the scalp backwards is called the | occipitalis |
| the muscles involved in smiling and laughing are called | zygomatics |
| the muscles that close the jaw are the | massefer and temporalis |
| the muscles that move the scapula include the | levator scapulae, rhomboids, pectoralis minor, trapezius |
| the muscle that flexes and adducts the arm is called the | pectoralis major |
| the muscle that extends, adducts, and rotates the arm medially(swimming) is called the | latissimus dorsi |
| the muscle that abducts the arm and is the site for intramuscular injections is called the | deltoid |
| the muscle that flexes the wrist is called the | flexor carpi |
| the muscle that extends the wrist is called the | extensor carpi |
| the muscles that flex the fingers or toes are called the | flexor digitora |
| the muscles that extend the fingers or toes are called the | extensor digitora |
| the muscle that flexes the thumb is called the | flexor pollicis |
| the muscle that extends the thumb is called the | extensor pollicis |
| the muscle that moves the thumb toward the midline is called the | adductor pollicis |
| the muscle that moves the thumb away from midline is called the | abductor pollicis |
| the muscle that flexes and opposes the thumb and is used when we write is called the | opponens pollicis |
| the muscles that make up the abdominal wall include | external oblique; internal oblique; transversus abdominis; rectus abdominis |
| the muscles of ventilation include | diaphragm; internal intercostals; external intercostals |
| the muscles of the buttocks include | gluteus maximus; gluteus minimus; gluteus medius |
| the muscles that flex the knee include | biceps femoris; semitendinosus; semimembranosus; popliteus; gracilis; satorius |
| the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus, make up the | hamstrings |
| the muscles that extend the knee include | rectus femoris; vastus lateralis; vastus medialis; vastus intermedius |
| the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius make up the | quadriceps femoris group |
| the five muscles that plantar flex the foot(bring it downward include) | gastrocenemius; tibialis posterior; soldus; peroneus longus; plantaris |
| two muscles dorsiflex the foot(bring it upward)include | tibialis anterior; peroneus tertius |
| humans have___ skeletal muscles | 650 |
| if all the skeletal muscles worked together they could lift | 11 tons |
Created by:
dottih66
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