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biology chap 4
honors bio chapter 4-the chemical basis of life
| word | definition |
|---|---|
| macromolecule | a large molecule, usually in DNA or large proteins |
| monomer | a sub-unit of a polymer |
| polymer | molecules with repeating sub units called monomers |
| biopolymer | a molecule with repeating sub-units associated with living things |
| name the 4 biopolymers | proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids |
| polymerization | the process in which monomers join to form polymers |
| mixture | a physical association of substances. no new compunds formed. |
| solution | a mixture where one material dissolves in another |
| suspension | a mixture that does not completely mix together, shows settling |
| colloid | shares some characteristics of a solution and a suspension. bigger molecules, cytoplasm and jell-o are examples |
| homogeneous | has the same uniform appearance throughout |
| heterogeneous | not a uniform appearance, shows settling |
| organic | carbon-containing |
| inorganic | no carbon |
| solute | in a mixture, the material that gets dissolved into another material |
| solvent | the material that another material is dissolved into |
| the universal solvent | water |
| monosaccharide | one monomer unit of carbohydrates |
| disaccharide | a carb molecule with two monosccharide units |
| glucose, fructose, and galactose | 3 monosaccharide isomers |
| maltose, sucrose, lactose | 3 disaccharide isomers |
| glucose+glucose= | maltose |
| glucose+fructose= | sucrose |
| glucose+galactose= | lactose |
| polysaccharides | most complex carbohydrates |
| starch, cellulose, glycogen | 3 polysaccharide isomers |
| the repeating unit that makes up starch, cellulose, and glycogen | glucose |
| carbohydrate | 4 c/g, contains C,H,O 2:1 hydrogen:oxygen ratio |
| Lipid | contains C,H,O no definite ratio h:o |
| lipid monomers? | 3 fatty acids and one glycerol |
| single-bonded lipid is s or u? | saturated |
| double-bonded lipid is s or u? | unsaturated |
| starches | anything made from flour |
| glycogen | "animal starch" we make it in liver |
| cellulose | cell walls of plants, hard to digest |
| water on left of equation | hydrolysis b/c water is added |
| sucrose+water= | glucose+fructose |
| water on right of eqation | dehydration synthesis b/c water taken out |
| polar molecule | has an uneven dist. of electrons so its + at one end and - at the other |
| # of bonds on a hydrogen atom | 1 |
| # of bonds on a oxygen atom | 2 |
| # of bonds on a nitrogen atom | 3 |
| # of bonds on a carbon atom | 4 |
| hydrogen ions in ____ | acids (+) |
| hydroxide ions in _____ | bases (-) |
| atoms that contain carbon but not organic | carbonic acid, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide |
| orange+gold= | mono |
| blue+gold= | di |
| blue+black= | poly |
| pentose contains __ carbon atoms | 5 |
| hexose contains __ carsone atoms | 6 |
| some pentoses are | ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid |
| formula for ribose | C5 H10 O5 |
| formula for deoxyribose | C5 H10 O4 |
| some hexoses are | glucose, fructose, and galactose |
| anabolic means | building up |
| hydroysis is catabolic or anabolic? | catabolic |
| fatty acids have 2 parts..... | carboxyl group and hydrocarbon chain |
| glycerol 's formula | C3 H8 O3 |
| satuated fat is usually in endo/ectotherms?? tropical/non-tropical??? | endotherms and tropical |
| dehydration synthesis of lipids makes __ water molecules | 3 |
| what mixes with lighter fluid? | fats |
| how many c/g in lipids | 9 |
| organic alchol in lipids | glycerol |
| is s or u more easily metabolized | unsaturated |
| what's the amine group? | NH2 |
| what's the base group? | H-C |
| what's the simplest amino acid? | glycine |
| what's the bad red blood cell amino acid? | valine |
| what amino acid in in natural gas? | methionine |
| what's the amino acid in a good red blood cell? | glutamic acid |
| what's the amino acid in aspartame? | phenylalanine |
| what do enzymes do? | reduce the energy needed to get a chemical reaction started |
| what do catalysts do? | alter the speed of a chemical reaction |
| a protein with 2 AA's is called | dipeptide |
| protein w/ 3 AA's is called | tripeptide |
| protein w/ 4-50 AA's is called | polypeptide |
| peptide bond is between the __ and the __ | C-N |
| if a substance contains protein, what color does nitric acid turn? | yellow |
| what's the nitric acid test called? | xanthoproteic |
| nucleic acids contain these elements | c, h, o, n, p |
| monomer of a nucleic acid? | nucleotide |
| 3 parts of a nucleic acid? | pentose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base |
| phosphate group looks like | phosphorus surrounded by oxygen |
| covalent bond | chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons |
| steps to find molecular weight | (weight of molecule x # of that molecule) add them all up |
Created by:
karamc1192
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