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Physio Ch 13 Vocab
SJCC Physiology Ch 13 Cardioavascular System Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pulmonary Circuit | Sends oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and unload carbon dioxide |
| Systemic Circuit | Sends oxygen-rich blood and nutrients to all body cells and removes wastes |
| Pericardium | Serous membrane that surrounds the heart |
| Fibrous Pericardium | Outer bad that surrounds a more delicate double layered sac of the pericardium |
| Visceral Pericardium | The innermost layer of the pericardium that covers the heart |
| Parietal Pericardium | Forms the inner lining of the fibrous pericardium |
| Pericardial Cavity | Space between the parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium that contains a small amount of serous fluid |
| Epicardium | Corresponds to the visceral pericardium; protects the heart by reducing friction |
| Myocardium | Cardiac muscle tissue that pumps blood out of the heart chambers |
| Endocardium | Consists of epithelium and connective tissue that contains elastic and collagenous fibers, blood vessels, and Purkinje fibers |
| Purkinje Fibers | Specialized fibers that conduct cardiac impulses from the A-V bundle into the ventricular walls |
| Atria | Upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from veins |
| Ventricles | Cavities of the heart that contain blood and pump it to either the lungs or the body cells |
| Septum | A solid wall-like tissue that separates the atrium and ventricle on the left side from the atrium and ventricle on the right side. |
| Atrioventricular valve | Valves found between the atria and ventricle on each side of the heart |
| Tricuspid Valve | Heart valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle |
| Chordae tendinae | Attach to the cusps of the tricuspid valve on the ventricular side, originating from papillary muscles |
| Papillary muscles | Muscle that extends inward from the ventricular walls of the heart and to which the chordae tendinae attach. |
| Pulmonary arteries | Blood vessels that lead to the lungs |
| Pulmonary valve | Allows blood to leave the right ventricle and prevents backflow into the ventricular chamber |
| Pulmonary veins | Take blood from the lungs back to the left ventricle of the heart |
| Mitral valve | Heart valve between the left atrium and left ventricle; bicuspid valve |
| Aorta | Major systemic artery that receives blood from the left ventricle |
| Aortic valve | Flaplike structures in wall of aorta near its origin that prevent blood from returning to the left ventricle of the heart |
| Coronary arteries | An artery that supplies blood to the wall of the heart |
| Cardiac veins | Drain blood that has passed through myocardial capillaries |
| Coronary sinus | A large vessel on the posterior surface of the heart into which the cardiac veins drain |
| Systole | Contraction |
| Diastole | Relaxation |
| Cardiac cycle | A series of myocardial contractions and relaxations that constitute a complete heartbeat |
| Functional syncytium | Merging cells performing as a unit; those of heart are joined electrically |
| Cardiac Conduction System | System of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that conducts cardiac impulses from the S-A node into the myocardium |
| Sinoatrial node | Specialized tissue in the wall of the right atrium that initiates cardiac cycles and a pacemaker |
| Pacemaker | Mass of specialized muscle tissue that controls the rhythm of the heartbeat |
| Atrioventricular node | Specialized mass of cardiac muscle fibers in the interatrial septum of the heart; transmits cardiac impulses from sinoatrial node to the A-V bundle |
| A-V bundle | Group of specialized fibers that conducts impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricular muscle of the heart |
| Electrocardiogram | A recording of the electrical activity associated with the heartbeat |
| Arteries | Vessels that transport blood away from the heart |
| Arterioles | A small branch of an artery that communicates with a capillary network |
| Tunica interna | The innermost layer of simple squamous epithelium of a blood vessel |
| Tunica media | Makes up the bulk of the arterial wall; middle layer |
| Tunica externa | Thin, outer layer of connective tissue that make up a blood vessel |
| Vasoconstriction | A decrease in the diameter of a blood vessel |
| Vasodilation | An increase in the diameter of a blood vessel |
| Capillaries | A small blood vessel that connects an arteriole and a venule |
| Precapillary sphincters | Muscles that can close a capillary by contracting or open it by relaxing |
| Venules | A vessel that carries blood from the capillaries to a vein |
| Vein | A vessel that carries blood toward the heart |
| Blood pressure | The force the blood exerts against the inner walls of blood vessels |
| Systolic pressure | The maximum pressure during ventricular contraction |
| Diastolic pressure | The lowest pressure that remains in the arteries before the next ventricular contraction |
| Pulse | The alternating expanding and recoil of the arterial wall |
| Stroke volume | The volume of blood discharged from the left ventricle with each contraction |
| Cardiac output | The volume of blood discharged from the left ventricle per minute |
| Blood volume | The sum of the formed elements and plasma volumes in the vascular systems |
| Peripheral resistance | Friction between the blood and the walls of the blood vessels |
| Viscosity | The ease with which a fluid's molecules flow past one another. |
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