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Evolution Ch. 15

QuestionAnswer
Evolution Change in a kind of organism over time; Process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.
Theory Well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations.
Fossil Preserved remains or evidence of an ancient organism.
Natural Variation Differences amoung individuals of a species.
Artificial Selection Selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation amoung different organisms.
Struggle for Existance Competition amoung members of a species for food, living space, and the other necessities of life.
Fitness Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment.
Adaption Inherited characteristics that increases an organism's chance of survival.
Survival of the Fittest Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called natural selection.
Natural Selection Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest.
Descent With Modification Principle that each living species has decended, with changes, from other species over time.
Common Descent Principle that all living things have a common ancestor.
Homologous Structure Structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develope from the same embryonic tissues.
Vestigal Organ Organ that serves no useful function in an organism.
What idea was proposed by Lamarck that was later found to be incorrect? Aquired characteristics can be inherited.
Fitness is a result of... Adaptations.
What did Charles Darwin observe about the Galapagos Islands? That the characteristics of many animals and plants varied noticeably among those different islands.
What did Hutton and Lyell help scientists realize? That Earth is many millions of years old, and the processes that changed Earth in the past are the same processes that operate in the present.
What did Lamarck propose? That by selective use or disuse of organs, organisms acquired or lost certain traits during their lifetime. These traits could then be passed on to their offspring. Overtime, this process led to change in a species.
What did Malthus reason? That if the human population continued to grow unchecked, sooner or later there would be insufficient living space and food for everyone.
What happens in artificial selection? Nature provides the variation among different organisms, and humans select those variations that they find useful.
Over time, what does natural selection result in? Changes in the inherited characteristics of a population. These changes inrease a species' fitness in its environment.
What did Darwin argue? That living things have been evoving on Earth for millions of years.
What could the evidence for this process be found in? The fossil record, the geographical distribution of living species, homologous structures of living organisms, and similarities of early developement.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck proposed which theories? Species can change over time. A single organism can aquire traits over its lifetime that are then passed to its offspring.
What are three important concepts in Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection? Struggle for existence, survival of the fittest, and descent with modification.
Who proposed the geological theory? Lyell.
Created by: ipodchic
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