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LECTURE A& P...
EXAM 4 WATER BALANCE FROM LECT. 4/11/11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| DEEFINE BALANCE OF THE EQUILIBRIUM? | HOMEOSTASIS, WATER AND ELECTROLYTES |
| IN BALANCE OF HOMEOSTASIS WHAT SUBSTANCE IS NECCESSARY FOR CELLUAR LEVEL BALANCE? | OXYGEN NUTRIENTS |
| THE CELULAR LEVEL IS RESPONSIBLE FOR WHAT? | EXCRETION |
| IN GENERAL TERMS BALANCE EQUALS WHAT? | EQUILIBRIUM |
| WHAT DOES INTERDEPENDENT OF WATER AND ELECTROLYTES MEAN? | WATER AND ELECTROYLYTE BALANCE MEANS THAT BOTH ARE NEEDED. |
| IN FLUID COMPARTMENTS WHY DO MALES RETAIN MORE WATER THEN WOMEN? | BECAUSE WOMEN 52% HAVE ADDIPOSE TISSUE (FAT) AND MEN 63% DO NOT. |
| IN WHAT WAY WOULD A MAN HAVE LOWER WHATER VOLUME? | OBESITY. |
| HOW MUCH WATER IS CONTAINED IN EXTRACELLULAR TISSUE? | situated or happening outside a cell or cells 37%, MOST OF H20. |
| HOW MUCH OF H20 IS IN INTERSTITIAL CELLS. | 37% MOST OF H20 IS BETWEEN THE CELLS. |
| HOW MUCH OF H20 IS IN THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM? | 37% A LITTLE IN PLASMA, LYMPH, BLOOD. |
| HOW MUCH OF H20 IS IN TRANSCELLUALR (OR) ACROSS THE CELLS? | SOME OF H20 INSIDE THE CELLS THE CAVITIES, SPINAL, EYES, JOINTS AND GLANDS. |
| WHERE DOES TRANSCELLULAR CELLS GETS IT H20? | ITS H20 IS PROVIDED AWAY FROM THE REST OF THE H20 IN THE BODIES SYSTEM. |
| HOW MUCH H20 IS IN INTRACELLULAR CELLS? | 63% |
| IN WHAT TWO CELL ARE THE COMPARTMENTAL AND COMPOSITION OF IONS LOCATED? | EXTRACELLULAR AND INTRACELLULAR CELLS |
| WHAT IS THE ION LEVELS OF NA+,CL-,HCO3 IN EXTRACELLULAR CELL? | THE LEVELS ARE HIGH IN THE EXTRACELLUAR CELLS WHICH IS LOCATED OUTSIDE THE CELL, DUE TO SODIUM PUMPS OF ATP. |
| WHAT IS THE ION LEVELS OF NA+,CL-,HCO3 IN THE INTRACELLULAR CELL? | THE LEVELS ARE LOW ON THE INSIDE OF THE CELL. |
| WHAT IS THE ION LEVEL OF K+,CA,MG,P,SO4 IN EXTRACELLUALAR CELL? | THE LEVEL IS LOW ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE CELL. |
| WHAT IS THE ION LEVEL OF K+,CA,MG,P,SO4 IN INTRACELLULAR CELL? | THE LEVEL IS HIGH ON THE INSIDE OF THE CELL. |
| WHAT IS THE PROTEIN LEVEL IN EXTRACELLULAR CELLS? | LOW OUTSIDE THE CELL. |
| WHAT IS THE PROTEIN LEVEL IN INTRACELLULAR CELLS? | HIGH IN SIDE THE CELL. |
| WHAT IS THE PROTEIN LEVEL IN THE BLOOD AND PLASMA? | 5% |
| NAME TWO WAYS FLUIDS TRAVEL? | BY OSOMOTIC PRESSURE AND DYDROSTATIC PRESSURE(BLOOD PRESSURE). |
| WHAT IS THE AVERAGE DAILY H20 INTAKE FOR HUMANS? | TWO AND A HALF LITERS PER DAY. |
| WHERE DOES THE PERCENTAGE OF FLUID COME FROM? | FOOD 30%,DRINK 60% AND METABOLISM 10%. |
| IN THE REGULATION OF H20 INTAKE DEFINE OSMORECEPTORS? | LOCATED IN THE BRAIN AND HYPOTHALMUS, WHICH SENSES THE DROP OF H20. |
| IN THE REGULATION OF H20 INTAKE HOW CAN OSMORECEPTORS SENSE THE DROP OF H20? | IT TURNS ON THE THIRST CENTER IN THE HYPOTHALMUS IN THE BRAIN WHICH REGULATES OSMOTIC PRESSURE. |
| IN THE INTAKE OF H20 WHAT DOES OSMOTIC PRESSURE REGULATE AFTER ITS TURNED ON BY THE OSMORECEPTORS? | IT INHANCES DRY MOUTH BY STOPPING SALIVA TO STIMULATE THIRST. |
| IN THE INTAKE OF H20,WHAT HAPPENS AFTER THIRST HAS BEEN STIMULATED? | THE STOMACH AND INTESTINES WILL STRETCH AND AUTOMATICALLY INHIBIT THE THIRST MECHANISM WHICH WILL STOP THE THIRST. |
| WHAT OTHER SOURCES TRIGGERS THE THIRST MECHANISM? | BARS OF SALTY FAVORS. |
| IN WATER OUTPUT(OR LOSS)RID, ON THE AVERAGE HOW MUCH H20 DOES A HUMAN INTAKE DAILY? | 2 1/2 LITERS PER DAY |
| IN WATER OUTPUT ON THE AVERAGE HOW MUCH H20 DOES THE BODY LOSE DAILY? | 2 1/2 LITERS PER DAY. |
| WHAT IS THE MAJOR FUNCTION OF THE KIDNEY? | THE KIDNEYS CONTROLS MOST OF YOUR H20 BALANCE THROUGH URINE. |
| ON A DAILY BASIS HOW MUCH H20 IS LOSS OUT OF THE BODY? | URINE 60%,FECES 6%,PERSPIRATION 6% AND SKIN &LUNG DIFFUSION 28% UNAVOIDABLE. |
| WHAT SERVES AS THE BEST CONTROL OF WATER BALANCE? | URINE THROUGH THE KIDNEYS. |
| DEFINE OSMORECEPTOR-ADH MECHANISM? | OSMORECEPTORS AIDS IN TO DETECTION OF THIRST, WHEREAS, ADH-STIMULATES SODIUM THE AID IN THE BALANCE OF URINE CONTROL. |
| HOW DOES OSMORECEPTOR-ADH MECHANISM WORK TOGETHER IN FLUID CONTROL IF "PLASMA" IS UP? | THE OSMORECEPTORS CELL WILL SWELL(H20 ^ IN PLASMA),THEN IT WILL INHIBIT THE POST PITUITARY GLAND WILL STOP (ADH),THEN YOU WILL RID H20 THROUGH THE KIDNEY. |
| HOW DOES OSMORECEPTOR-ADH MECHANISM WORK TOGETHER IN FLUID CONTROL IF "PLASMA" IS DOWN? | THE OSMORECEPTORS CELL WILL SHRINK AND TRIGGER THE POST PITUITARY TO TURN ON THE ADH SECRETION INTO THE KIDNEYS(THROUGH THE DISTIL CONVULUTED TUBULE & COLLECTING DUCTS) THEN THE KIDNEYS WILL CONTROL H20 ABSORPTION AND ALSO CONSERVE(SAVE) WATER IN THE BODY |
| HOW CAN DIABETES HAVE AN EFFECT ON ADH PRODUCTION? | DIABETES THAT IS OUT OF CONTROL WILL REDUCE ADH PRODUCTION, BY INFLUENCING(STIMULATING)THE HYPOTHALMUS WHICH CAUSES FREQUENT THIRST. |
| HOW CAN THRIST BE CONTROLLED IN DIABETES BY THE LOST OF FLUID IN H20? | H20 CAN BE BALANCED BY DRINKING MORE H20. |
| HOW CAN YOU CONTROL ELECTROLYTE BALANCE? | H20 AND THE BY PRODUCTS OF METABOLISM. |
| WHAT IS MEANT BY PRODUCTS OF METABOLISM? | FOOD; EATING GIVES OFF CERTAIN MOLECULES IN THE AID OF MAINTAINING ELECTROLYTE BALANCE. |
| IN WHAT EVENT WILL REGULATION OF INTAKE OCCURE? | SALTY CRAVINGS |
| IN OUT HOW DOES A PERSON LOSE ELECTROLYTES? | PERSPIRATION, FECES AND URINE |
| WHAT IS THE GREATEST WAY TO LOSE ELECTROLYTES? | THROUGH THE URINE. |
| WHAT CONTROLS THE LOSS OF ELECTROLYTES AND WATER?? | THE KIDNEYS. |
| WHAT PURPOSE DOES ELECTROLYTE BALANCE SERVE? | ESSENTIAL FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND NERVE IMPULSE. |
| DEFINE AN IMBALANCED ELECTROLYTE? | K+^ AND NA IS DOWN. |
| HOW DOES THE BODY BALANCE POTASSIUM AND SODIUM IN ELECTROLYTE BALANCE? | THE ADRENAL CORTEX WHICH SECRETES ALDOSTERONE INTO THE RENAL TUBULES(ASCENDING) WHICH WILL INCREASE REABSORPTION OF SODIUM AND THE SECRETION OF POTASSIUM TO REVERSE TO BALANCING MORE SODIUM AND LESS POTASSIUM. |
| IN ELECTROLYTE BALANCE DESCRIBE THE ADRENAL CORTEX? | ITS LOCATED ON TOP OF THE KIDNEY AND IT HAS A CORTEX(OUTSIDE) AND A MEDULLA. |
| IN ELECTROLYTE BALANCE DESCRIBE THE FUNCTION OF ALDOSTERONE? | ITS SECRETED FROM THE ADRENAL CORTEX. IT CAUSES THE HENLYLE'S LOOP TO PRODUCE MORE SODIUM AND LESS POTASSIUM. |
| WHAT IS NORMAL ELECTROLYTE BALANCE? | MORE SODIUM AND LESS POTASSIUM. |
| WHAT IS ANOTHER ELECTROLYTE THAT NEED TO BE CONTROLLED? | CALCIUM |
| WHAT GLAND CONTROLS CALCIUM? | THE PARATHYROID GLAND |
| WHAT PROCESSES TAKES PLACE IN THE EVENT THAT THERE IS A DECREASE IN CALCIUM? | A DECREASE WILL TRIGGER THE PARATHYROID GLAND WHICH WILL TRIGGER THE PARATHYROID HORMONE & CALCIUM, BY INFLUENCING OSTEOCLAST TO DESTROY BONE IN THE RELEASE OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS.;INCREASE INTESTINES ABSORPTION OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS(TOO MUCH) |
| IN RESTORING CALCIUM BALANCE HOW DOES THE BODY DECREASE TOO MUCH PHOSPHORUS? | PHOSPHORUS IS REDUCED BY BEING REABSORBED IN THE KIDNEYS. |
| IN THE DISORDERS OF H20 & ELECTROLYTE BALANCE DEFINE ADDISON'S? | SHORTAGE OF ALDOSTERONE IN THE LOSS OF SALT DUE TO NO SODIUM. |
| DEFINE DEHYDRATION IN THE DISORDER OF H20 OF ELECTROLYTE? | INTERSTIAL FLUID IS DOWN, DUE OT LACK OF H20 AND PRESPIRATION, WHICH MESSES UP OSMOSIS CONTROL. |
| HOW ARE BABIES EFFECTED BY DEHYDRATION? | MESONEPHRICKIDNA; INEFFICIENCY OF KIDNEY(UNDER-DEVELOPED) |
| HOW ARE OLDER ALDULTS EFFECTED BY DEHYDRATION? | SENSITIVE THIRST CENTER. |
| WHAT ARE THE RESULTS OF DEHYDRATION? | WEIGHT LOSS,SKIN AND MEMBRANE(DRY), EXCRETION IN EXTRACELLULAR COMPARTMENT,CEREBRAL DISTURBANCE, CONFUSION, DELIRIUM AND COMA |
| WHAT HAPPENS IF EXTRACELLULAR WAIST SPILLS WITH EXCRETION? | JAUNDICE |
| WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF H20 LEAVES THE CELL? | EDEMA |
| DEFINE H20 INTOXICATION? | DUE TO DRINKING(CHUGG A LUGG) H2O TOO FAST AND FOR KIDNEYS TO REABSORB. |
| DEFINE HYPOTANIC? | DUE TO DRINKING A LRG AMOUNT OF H2O(TOO FAST)WHICH DILUTE SALTS FROM URINE. |
| WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF H2O INTOXICATION? | EDEMA, HEAT CRAMPS, CONVULSIONS, CONFUSION AND COMMA. |
| WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR INTOXICATION? | SLOW WATER INTAKE, HYPERTONIC SALT SOLUTION(SALINE H20) |
| DEFINE(HYPOPROTEINEMIA) EDEMA? | TOO MANY PROTEINS IN TISSUE, LOW PROTEIN IN PLASMA, WHICH BLOCKS LYMPH VESSEL, BY THE INCREASE OF VENOUS PRESSURE AND INCREASE CAPILLARY PERMEABILITY. |
| HOW DOES THE INCREASE OF VENOUS PRESSURE AND CAPILLARY PERMEABILITY EFFECTS THE BODY? | IT THROWS THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OUT OF CONTROL. |
| WHAT'S THE TREATMENT FOR EDEMA? | DIURETIC (REMOVE H20) AND DECREASE PROTEIN INTAKE. |
| DEFINE ASCITES? | BLOCKAGE OF THE VENA CAVA WHICH RISES PRESSURE IN THE LIVER,EXUDES FLUID TO COELOM AND SOMOTIC PRESSURE GOES UP IN THE ABDOMAN(WATER BELLY)WHICH ATTRACT H20 TO BLOATED OR DISTENDED ABDOMEN. |
| DEFINE HYPONATREMIA? | LOW SODIUM WHICH EFFECTS THE CNS (HYPOEXTRA CELLULAR) |
| DEFINE HYPERNATREMIA? | HIGH SODIUM; WHICH CAN CAUSE DISORDERS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. |
| DEFINE HYPOKALEMIA? | LOW POTASSIUM; WHICH CAN CAUSE MUSLCE WEAKNESS, RESPIRATORY AND CARDIAC DISTURBANCE |
| HOW CAN ACCESSIVE USE OF A DIURETIC BE HARMFUL? | A PERSON CAN LOSE POTASSIUM AND DEVELOPED HEART AND RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS. |
Created by:
ozcavil
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