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Nutrition CH4 - WK2
Protein
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| protein function in body | provide the amino acids necessary for building and maintaining body tissue. |
| Amino Acids | Basic Building Material; form unique chain sequences to form specific proteins; |
| Protein in egg white | albumin |
| protein in wheat | gluten (not recommended for diabetics and crohns; autistic pts) |
| protein in milk and cheese | casein |
| Indispensable amino acids | 6; Body cannot manufacture in sufficient quantity |
| Dispensable amino acids | 5; Body can synthesize from indispensable |
| Conditionally indispensable amino acids | Normally synthesized but some health conditions may require dietary intake Stress can deplete store of amino acids |
| Catabolism | breakdown of protein |
| Anabolism | resynthesis (re-bonding of proteins) |
| Nitrogen balance (intake = excretion) | Positive balance: body stores more than it excretes; Negative balance: body takes in less than it excretes |
| Number of KCals | 4 grams of protein = 1 KCal |
| Functions of Protein | tissue building (3/4 of our tissue is made up of protein - except bone and fat), 3rd energy source water balance (plasma controls water balance in body) metabolism (transports hormones and protein in the body) Body defense system |
| Enzymes | Digestive enzymes: amylases, lipases, proteases |
| Transport agents | Lipoproteins Hemoglobin |
| Hormones | Insulin and glucagon |
| Complete proteins | all 9 indispensible; Meat, fish, poultry, seafood Soy |
| Incomplete proteins | missing 1 or more of the 9 indispensible amino acids; Plant-origin foods Grains Legumes Nuts Seeds Fruits and vegetables |
| Vegetarian Diets types | Must combine foods to cover all amino acid needs; Lacto-ovo vegetarian – dairy and eggs Lacto-vegetarian - dairy Ovo-vegetarian - eggs Vegan – veges only |
| Digestion of Proteins | mouth, stomach, small intestine |
| Stomach digestion of proteins | enzymatic breakdown of protein by proenzymes (zymogens); Pepsin – main enzyme that breaks down protein – specific to protein; stored in body as pepsinogen; mixes w/ hydrochloric acid in our stomach and pepsin is created; Rennin – only present in the huma |
| Small intestine digestion of protein | protein digestion completed here; Pancreatic secretions (enzymes) Trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase Intestinal secretions Aminopeptidase, dipeptidase |
| Protein energy malnutrition | in 3rd world countries is the leading cause of death |
| Kwashiorkor | 18 to 24 mos old; 90 % carbs and very little protein; distended belly; late stage edema in feet |
| Marasmus | occurs later in life; chronic energy and protein deficiency; look very gaunt – sunken eyes |
| Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) | Men and women: 0.8 g/kg of desirable weight; 10% to 35% of total caloric intake from protein (children and adults) |
Created by:
MarieG
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