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Lower Limb
Final Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the function for the lower limb? | locomotion, support body weight, posture, equlibrium |
| Joints are made from what type of cartilage? | articular, hylaine cartilage |
| The joint cavity is enclosed by.. | a double layered articular capsule made of fiberous material that is continous with the periosteum of the bone |
| Internally joint capsules are lined with? | A synovial membrane, and synovial fluid to decrease friction |
| Intrinsic or capsular means? | thickening of the joint capsule |
| Extracapsular means? | outside of joint capsule |
| Intracapsular means? | Within joint but not part of capsule |
| What type of joint is the hip joint? | A synovial joint (ball and socket) |
| What makes up the hip joint? | the head of the femur, and actebellum of hip bone |
| Describe the acetebellar fossa | a rough depression that extends up above the acetebellar notch. |
| What surrounds the acetebellar fossa? | The articular or lunate surface- it is a smooth horseshoe shaped |
| What is the actebellar labrum? | A circular ridge of fibrocartilage that runs around the boney rim of the actebellum forming a resilliant edge. |
| What is the function of the actebellar labrum? | To increase the depth of the socket, this labrum fits snug around the head of the femur. |
| Where does the iliofemoral ligament run to and from? | from the ASIS to the actebellum rim proximally, and the trochanteric line distally |
| What does the iliofemoral ligament do? | Prevents hyperextension of the hip in standing |
| What does the pubofemoral ligament do? | prevents over abduction of the hip |
| Where does the pubofemoral ligament run to and from? | Sup. ramus of pubis to capsule, where it merges |
| Where does the ischiofemoral ligament run to and from? | from the ischial part of the acetebellum to the spot just medial to the greater trochanter |
| What does the ischialfemoral ligament do? | Prevents hyperextension of the hip |
| Where does the intracapsular ligament run to and from? | it runs from the pit on the femoral head to the lower lip of the actebellar notch and transverse actebellar ligament |
| What does the intracapsualar ligament do? | does not provide much stability, but does contain a small artery that feeds the head of the femur with blood. |
| Name the arteries that supply the hip joint | lateral circumflex and femoral arteries, and branch of obturator |
| Name the nerve supply for the hip joint | femoral, obtuator, superior gluteal, and nerve to quadratus femoris |
| What type of joint is the knee joint? | synovial hinge joint |
| What movements happen at the knee joint? | flexion/extension, gliding, rolling, rotation |
| What are the 3 articulations that happen at the knee joint? | the first 2 happen at the tibiofemoral joint ( lat. and med.) the 3rd is at the patellofemoral joint |
| Where is the suprapatellar bursa located? | deep to the quadraceps tendon, may extend as long as 5 cm above the patella |
| Where is the extracapsular ligament located? | distal part of tuberosity, quadraceps tendon, running from apex of patella to tibial tuberosity |
| What ligament is often used to text reflexes? | the extracapsualar ligament |
| Where is the lateral collateral ligament located? | runs fromt the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral surface of the head of the fibula |
| Where is the medial collateral ligament located? | runs from the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the superior portion of the tibia |
| Where is the oblique popliteal ligament located? | from the medial tibial condyle and goes up and laterally to attach to the central part of the post. fiberous capsule |
| where is the arcuate popliteal ligament located? | runs from the fibular head post. and up medial to post. surface of the knee joint |
| Anterior cruciate ligament located? | runs between the condyles on the tibia to the back of the medial side of the lateral condyle of the femur |
| What does the ant. cruciate ligament do? | prevents post. dislcoation of femur on tibia as well as hyperextension of the knee |
| Where is the post. cruciate ligament located? | runs from the between the 2 condyles on tibia superior and ant. to lateral surface of medial condyle |
| What does the post. cruciate ligament do ? | prevents ant. dislocation of the tibia as well as hyperflexion |
| Where is both the ant. and post. cruciate ligament located? | they both are within the joint capsule, they are outside the synovial cavity |
| What does the medial meniscus look like? | C shaped |
| what does the lateral meniscus look like? | smaller, circular and more mobile |
| Name the nerves that supply the knee (4) | obturator, femoral,tibial, common fibular |
| What type of joint is the ankle joint? | Synovial hinge joint |
| The articular capsule is... | thin ant. and post. and had lots of ligamentous support |
| The Synovial membrane is ... | loose and lines the capsule |
| Where is the deltoid lig. located? | attaches proximally to medial malleous, and attaches distally to tallus, calcaneous, navicular |
| What are the 4 parts of the Deltoid ligament? | 1. tibionavicular 2.ant. tibiotalar 3.post. tibiotalar 4.tibiocalcaneal |
| What is the function of the arch of the foot? | to optimize weight bearing & resiliency, the arches adapt to surface and weight changes |
| What are the 4 structures that support the arches? | 1. the shape of the bones 2. plantar ligaments 3. plantar aponeurosis 4. bracing action of the tendons |
| What passes through the Sciatic foramina? | tendon of obturator internus, nerve to obturator internus |
| The superficial connective tissue contains | loose connective tissue, fat, cutaneous nerves, superficial veins, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes |
| The femoral triangle contains... | femoral nerve, femoral sheath, femoral artery, femoral vein, greater saphenous vein, deep femoral vein |
| The femoral artery comes from? | the external iliac artery |
| The main branch of the femoral artery happens at... | the femoral triangle |
| The adductor Hiatus is? | the opening in the distal aponeurosis of adductor magnus, just proximal to the adductor tubercle of the femur |
| The superiormedial border of the popliteal fossa is? | semimembranosus |
| The superolateral border of the popliteal fossa is? | bicep femoris |
| The inferomedial border of the popliteal fossa is? | medial head of gastrocs |
| the inferolateral border of the popliteal fossa is? | lat. head of gastrocs |
| The main branch of the femoral nerve is? | the saphenous nerve |
| The femoral sheath is ? | a funnel shaped tube made of fascia that extends below the inguinal ligament |
| What are the 3 components of the femoral sheath? | 1. femoral artery 2.femoral vein 3.femoral canal |
| What is the med. wall of the femoral sheath periced by? | the great saphenous vein & lymphatic vessels |
| What 5 things does the popliteal fossa contain? | 1. small saphenous vein 2. popliteal arteries and veins 3. tibial & common fibular nerves 4. popliteal lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels |
| Lymph vessels of the ower limb eventually drain into... | the inguinal lymph nodes |
| The lumbar plexus supplies the? | abdominal wall and external gentitals and medal thigh |
| The sacral plexus supplies? | the buttocks, perinum, and part of the lower limb` |
Created by:
lyirwin
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