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Hazards & Waters
Natural Hazards & Earth's Waters Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Landslides | large areas of ground movement of rock, earth, or debris that fall, slide, or flow on slopes due to gravity. |
| _______ can occur in any environment given the right conditions of soil, moisture, and the angle of slope | landslides |
| Causes of landslides | rains, floods, earthquakes, and other natural causes, as well as human-made causes such as excessive development or clear-cutting for lumber |
| Effects of landslides | blocking roads, damaging or destroying homes, destroying habitats, or disrupting power lines. |
| Fire is a _______ event in most grassland and forest ecosystems. | natural |
| ______ can be beneficial to the ecosystem and are an essential component in the life cycle of some trees | Fires |
| Causes of Wildfires | naturally through lightning strikes or when humans start them accidentally or intentionally. |
| Effects of Wildfires | ability of some seeds to break open so they can germinate, an increase in air pollution, habitat destruction, or destroying homes or property |
| Flood | an unusually high water stage in which water overflows its natural or artificial banks onto normally dry land. |
| Regular River Flood | water slowly climbs over the edges of a river |
| Flash Flood | occurs when a wall of water quickly sweeps over an area |
| Factors that contribute to flooding | heavy, intense rainfall; over-saturated soil; high river, stream or reservoir levels caused by unusually large amounts of rain; urbanization, or lots of buildings and parking lots. |
| Effects of flooding | damaging property, endangering humans and animals, or causing soil erosion and deposition of sediment and nutrients and creation of fertile soil. |
| Groundwater | water that soaks into the ground after falling to Earth. |
| Runoff | Water that flows downhill as surface water instead of soaking into the ground |
| Permeable | Soil and rock that allow the water to pass through |
| Zone of aeration | unsaturated layer of soil |
| Zone of saturation | The area where the water has filled all the space in the soil |
| Water table | the top of the zone of saturation |
| Aquifers | Groundwater that flows slowly through the underground rock or be stored in underground layers |
| _____ is naturally purified as it soaks through the soil layers | groundwater |
| Surface-water | runoff that has not soaked into the ground |
| As _____ travels downhill, it forms the water in streams and rivers | runoff |
| Drainage basin | An area that is drained by a river and all the streams that empty into it |
| Watershed | another name for a drainage basin |
| tributaries | another name for streams that empty into rivers |
| Divide | the high ground between two drainage basins |
| By studying a map that contains rivers and marking all the tributaries of that river, the ______ area can be identified | watershed |
| _____ water can erode the land in one location and deposit the sediments in another. | Flowing |
| The ________ of a river may deposit sediment after heavy rains enriching the area with new soil needed for growing vegetation | floodplain |
| The _____ _______ provides the needed water for animal life also | drainage basin |
| _______ may form where the river ends its journey into a still body of water like a lake or the ocean | Deltas |
| Human beings are dependent upon water for __________, not only for drinking but for agriculture and industry as well. | survival |
| Dams have been placed along some rivers in order to produce ____________ power and to offer recreation in the lakes that form behind the dams | hydroelectric |
| Lakes, rivers, and the ocean contain sources of food and __________ | minerals |
| Earth is __% freshwater | 3 |
| Since much of the freshwater is in the form of ice, very little is left as “________” freshwater for humans | usable |
Created by:
Ms. Phillips
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