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6 Med Term
Urinary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| albuminuria | albumin in the urine, also called proteinuria |
| azotemia | excessive urea in the blood indicating non functioning kidneys, also called uremia |
| azoturia | excessive nitrogenous compounds in the urine |
| bacteriuria | bacteria in urine |
| glycosuria | sugar in urine |
| hematuria | blood in urine |
| pyuria | pus in urine |
| anuria | no urine |
| diuresis | increased formation and excretion of urine (caffeine and alcohol have these effects) |
| enuresis | commonly known as bed wetting can be nocturnal or diurnal |
| nocturia | excessive urination at night |
| oliguria | scanty urination |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| polyria | excessive urination |
| diabetes insipidis | deficiency of antidiuretic hormone, which causes polyuria and polydipsia |
| diabetes mellitus | metabolic disease caused by deficiency of insulin |
| nephrolithiasis | stones in kidney |
| Polycystic Kidney Disease | Inherited disorder characterized by enlargement of kidneys caused by many cysts |
| renal colic | severe pain caused by kidney stones lodged in ureter |
| urolithiasis | stones anywhere in the urinary tract but usually in kidneys or bladder |
| urosepsis | bacteria in bloodstream caused by a UTI |
| Glomerulonephritis GN | inflammation of glomeruli of the kidney |
| Characteristics of Glomerulonephritis | Proteinuria, hematuria, decreased urine production, and edema |
| hydronephrosis | dilation of the renal pelvis and calices of one or both kidneys resulting from obstruction of urine flow |
| nephroptosis | Prolapse or sagging of kidney |
| nephrotic syndrome | abnormal group of symptoms in the kidney characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema |
| pyelonephritis | infection of renal pelvis and parenchyma of the kidney |
| Renal failure | inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes, concentrate urine and conserve electrolytes |
| Chronic Renal Failure | measured in stages 1 (mild damage) to 5 (complete failure) |
| Acute Renal Failure | Sudden inability of kidneys to excrete wastes, resulting from hemorrhage, trauma, burns, toxic injury, pyelonephritis or glomerulonephritis |
| renal hypertension | high blood pressure secondary to kidney disease |
| renal sclerosis | hardening of arteries of the kidneys |
| cystocele | herniation of bladder |
| ureterocele | prolapse of terminal end of ureter into the bladder |
| urethral stenosis | narrowing of urethra |
| vescioureteral reflux | abnormal backflow of urine from bladder to the ureter |
| renal adenoma | small, slow-growing noncancerous tumors of the kidney |
| renal oncocytoma | most common benign solid tumor renal tumor |
| transitional cell papilloma | bladder papilloma; usually benign when found but recurrences are occasionally malignant |
| nephroblastoma | also called Wilms tumor, develops from kidney cells that did not fully mature before a child's birth |
| transitional cell carcinoma | malignant tumors account for 90% of all bladder cancers |
| renal cell carcinoma | also called hypernephroma or adenocarcinoma of the kidney |
| blood urea nitrogen | blood test that measures amount of nitrogen waste in the circulatory system |
| creatine clearance test | test of kidney function that measures the rate at which nitrogenous waste is removed from the blood by comparing its concentration in the blood and urine over a 24 hour period |
| glomerular filtration rate | amount of blood that is filtered by the glomeruli of the kidneys |
| computed tomography scan | computerized image that shows "slice" of the body |
| cystourethroscopy | visual examination of bladder and urethra |
| intravenous urography | radiographic imaging of the kidneys, ureters and bladder WITH contrast |
| kidney, ureter, and bladder KUB | radio imaging of the kidney, ureters, and bladder WITHOUT contrast |
| nephrotomography | sectional radio exam of kidneys |
| voiding cystourethrography | radio imaging of urinary bladder and urethra done with contrast while patient is urinating |
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