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Chapter 12 Volcanoes

earth science

QuestionAnswer
volcano opening in Earth's surface that erupts sulfurous gases, ash, and lava; can form at Earth's plate boundaries, where plates move apart or together, and at hot spots.
vent opening where magma is forced up and flows out onto Earth's surface as lava, forming a volcano
crater steep-walled depression around a volcano's vent
hot spot the result of an unusually hot area at the boundary between Earth's mantle and core that forms volcanoes when melted rock is forced upward and breaks through the crust
shield volcano broad, gently sloping volcano formed by quiet eruptions of balsaltic lava.
tephra bits of rock or solidified lava dropped from the air during an explosive volcanic eruption; ranges in size from volcanic ash to volcanic bombs and blocks
cinder cone volcano steep-sided, loosely packed volcano formed when tepha falls to the ground
composite volcano volcano built by alternating explosive and quiet eruptions that produce layers of tepha and lava; found mostly where Earth's plates come together and one plate sinks below the other
batholith largest intrusive igneous rock body that forms when magma is being forced upward toward Earth's crust cools slowly and solidifies underground
sill igneous rock feature formed when magma is squeezed into a horizontal crack between layers of rock and hardens underground
volcanic neck solid igneous core of a volcano left behind after the softer cone has been eroded
caldera large, circular-shaped opening formed when the top of a volcano collapses
Created by: aereed
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