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Plant Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aggregate Fruit | A fruit formed from one flower containing several ovaries in which each develops into a small fruit. The fruits then bind together to form a large fruit. Ex. Raspberry. |
| Alternation of generations | A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte. The alternation of generations contains both a multicellular diploid form and a multicellular haploid form. |
| Anther | Lies on top of the filament in the stamen. Pollen is released from it once it is opened, usually by means of a longitudinal slit but sometimes by pores. |
| Antheridium | In primitive plants, it is the male gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop. The antheridium is one of the many adaptations made by plants to facilitate reproducing on land. |
| Archegonium | In primitive plants, it is the female gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop. The archegonium was one of the adaptations made by plants to adjust to reproducing on land. |
| Anthophyta | “angiosperms”Division of the flowering plants that have flowers and fruits with the most diversity of all plants. |
| Carpel | This is the female reproductive organ of the flower also referred to as the pistil.The parts of the carpel are the stigma which receives the pollen, the style which is a stalk connecting the stigma and the ovary, and the ovary which contains the ovules co |
| Complete flower | A flower that has all four of the major flower parts |
| Compound fruit | Develops from several ovaries in either a single flower or multiple flowers. May be aggregate, which is one flower contains several ovaries which develop into small fruits and are joined tightly, or multiple, in which several flowers develop into small f |
| Bryophyta | Division with mosses, no vascular tissue so the must be short and no pollen so sperm must have moisture. |
| Cotyledons | The one (monocot) or two (dicot) seed leaves of an angiosperm embryo. The cotyledons surround the embryo, providing one of many layers of protection. |
| Dioecious | “two houses” Referring to a plant species that has staminate (male) and carpellate (female) flowers on separate plants. Dioecious plants have a great deal of diversity, such as different sizes and shapes, due to the separation of the stamen and carpel. |
| Dormancy | a period of time or condition where seeds slow their metabolism and wait until the conditions are proper for germinating thus increasing their fitness over seedless plants where embryos have no seed coat for protection and endosperm food source. |
| Embryo Sac | The female gametophyte of angiosperms, formed from the growth and division of the megapore (female spore) into a multicellular structure with eight haploid nuclei. The embryo sac holds the egg and polar nuclei that will eventually become the zygote and en |
| Endosperm | A triploid (3n) nutrient-rich tissue formed by the union of a sperm cell with two polar nuclei during double fertilization, which provides nourishment to the developing embryo in angiosperm seeds. The food is needed until the young plant can move out of t |
| Epicotyl | The portion of the embryonic shoot above the cotyledons. |
| Filament | Part of the stamen, it is the stalk that supports the anther. It allows the anther to get in contact with its methods of dispersal or away from the plant for wind dispersal. |
| Flower | It is the reproductive structure in flowering plants. It mediates the joining of male sperm with female ovum in order to produce seeds within a fruit. The sperm is gathered by pollination which is why most flowers have some method in order to attract car |
| Frond | A frond is a big leaf-like structure in ferns. |
| Fruit | The ripened ovary structure in plants responsible for seed dispersal. The seeds are contained in the fruit, and by various methods such as eating, attaching, etc. the seeds are spread throughout an environment to avoid overcrowding. |
| Gametophyte | The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations, which mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite (zygote) and then grow and divide into the sporophyte generation. The gametophyte helps to create gametes faster than |
| Heterospory | Plants that have both male and female gametophytes, and as such develop two different types of spores (male |
| Homospory | Plants that develop only one type of spore which develops into a hermaphrodite. These gametophytes do not have gender differences. |
| Hypocotyls | The portion of the embryonic axis below the point at which the cotyledons are attached. |
| Imperfect flower | An incomplete flower missing either stamens or carpels. An imperfect flower is unable to fertilize itself, thus resulting in high diversity. |
| Incomplete flower | A flower lacking at least one of the four major flower parts |
| Megagametophytes | The female gametophyte that arises from a megaspore of a heterosporous plant. The Megagametophyte creates the egg, polar bodies, and other cells that make up the embryo sac. |
| Microgametophyte | The male gametophyte that develops from the microspores of heterosporous plants, the pollen grains of gymnosperms and angiosperms. The pollen grain will divide to form two sperm needed for double fertilization. |
| Monoecious | “one house” Referring to a plant species that has both staminate and carpellate flowers on the same plant. A monoecious plant has the ability to self-fertilize, resulting in a plant that resembles its parent plant closely. However, due to certain mechanis |
| Ovary | In flowers, the portion of a carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develop. The ovary develops into a fruit and the seeds begin to develop from the ovules once fertilization has occurred. |
| Ovule | A structure that develops in the plant ovary. The ovule is a protective container for the embryo sac that ensures that the female gamete is not damaged and that double fertilization occurs. |
| Perfect flower | A flower equipped with both stamens and carpels, even if it is incomplete. These flowers are not unisexual due to the presence of both flower reproductive organs. However, a perfect flower is still unable to fertilize itself due to many self-incompatibili |
| Pistil | female part of a the flower. |
| Polar nuclei | Two centrally located haploid nuclei in the embryo sac that unite with a second sperm cell in a triple fusion to produce endosperm. The polar nuclei are analogous to the polar bodies in oogenesis of humans. However, instead of disintegrating like polar bo |
| Pollen | A two-celled structure created by microspores, consisting of a generative cell that will become the two sperm and a tube cell which will grow into the pollen tube through the style of the flower. The structure is a pollen grain, which is an immature male |
| Pollen Cones | The male cones in gymnosperms that disperse the pollen into the environment. It is smaller than the female cones and is similar across species. |
| Seed | A structure with a seed coat with the food (endosperm) and embryo that allows for plants to protect their young and wait until conditions are best for germination. |
| Seed Dispersal | How seeds are transported away from the original plant. This is done by both biotic and abiotic methods such as animal fur, wind, water, and eating and then through the waste. |
| Sepal | A part of the flower in angiosperms which lies under petals, collectively known as the calyx. The sepals protect the flower before it blooms while it is still developing. |
| Simple fruit | A simple fruit is a fruit which develops from a single pistil. They can be either dry or fleshy. Examples include nuts and berries. |
| Spore | In the life cycle of a plant undergoing alternation of generations, a meiotically produced haploid cell that divides mitoticallly, generating a multicellular individual, the gametophyte, without fusing with another cell. The spore, created from the sporop |
| Sporophyte | The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation. The sporophyte is the only diploid form of a pla |
| Stamen | The male organ of the flower that makes the pollen. It contains the filament (stalk) and the anther. |
| Style | The portion of the carpel that connects the sticky stigma to the ovary. The pollen tube grows through this. |
| Stigma | The part of a flower at the tip of the carpel that is sticky to receive pollen. |
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