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ES Ag Vocab

Environmental science class agriculture unit vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
Agriculture The transformation of natural ecosystems into ones devoted to the production of food, fiber, or fuel.
Subsistence agriculture Self-sufficiency farming in which there is only enough food grown to feed a farmer's family.
Swidden or Shifting agriculture The farmer moves from one plot of land to the next every few years in search of fertile soil. The original field is left fallow (unplanted) in the meantime, allowing the soil to replenish its nutrients naturally.
Slash-and-burn agriculture The use fires to clear new agricultural fields.
Monoculture Planting tracts of a single crop.
Fallow To leave a field unplanted in order for the soil to recover its nutrients.
Agrochemicals Chemical products such as fertilizers and pesticides used in farming.
Fertilizer A substance that supplies nutrients to plants.
Pesticide Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest.
Green Revolution The large increase in farming productivity that started after the 1950's.
Irrigation The science of artificial application of water to the land or soil
Pesticide Resistant Insects The adaptation of pest population targeted by a pesticide resulting in decreased susceptibility to that chemical.
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria A specific type of drug resistance when a microorganism has the ability of withstanding the effects of antibiotics
Waterlogging Saturation of the soil by groundwater sufficient to prevent or hinder agriculture
Salinization Accumulation of high levels of salts in the soil.
Drip Irrigation An irrigation method which saves water and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either onto the soil surface or directly onto the root zone, through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters
Selective Breeding Choosing crop varieties with specific desirable features for propagation
Transgenic A genetically modified organism (GMO) or genetically engineered organism (GEO) is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.
Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) An organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques
Per capita Per person
Cash crop A crop grown for profit
Global food security Having available, accessible, affordable, adequate, and acceptable food for every person in the world.
Carry-over grain stocks The amount of grain left in the world's storage bins as one growing season ends and the next begins
Sustainable Agriculture Refers to agricultural production that is sufficient and secure without compromising the environmental integrity of the land
Integrated Pest Management Minimal, strategic use of pesticides while maximizing natural and biologic pest control
Organic Farming An ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity
Crop Rotation The sequence of crops and cover crops grown on a specific field
Intercropping Planting two mutually beneficial crops in close proximity to each other
Companion Planting Intercropping done on a smaller scale
Tillage The agricultural preparation of the soil by mechanical agitation of various types, such as digging, stirring, and overturning
Mulching A protective cover placed over the soil to retain moisture, reduce erosion, provide nutrients, and suppress weed growth
Thermal Weeding Attaching a torch mounted on a tractor toolbar that throw a hot flame at the base of the mature plants (weeds are seared)
Created by: jmglbrt
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