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GI med
gastrointestinal meds
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| h2 receptor blockers drug name? action? use? SEs? | ranitidine (zantac, pepcid) -blocks h2 receptor / decrease acid production used : gerd, gi hemmorage, ulcers, zollinger ellison reduction in RBC / WBC, impotence, loss of libido |
| nsg implications for H2 receptor blockers ( antagonist) | dont give antacids within 1 hour if iv dont mix with other meds assess kid and liver function watch interaction with OTC |
| when will you give Zantac | 30 min - 1 hour before other meds |
| proton pump inhibitors drugs? action? uses? Side effects? | omeprazole (prilosex) - protonix reduces acid secretion, binds to H+,K+-ATPase(hydrochloric acid ) SHORT TERM THERAPY ulcers gerd sollinger se: diarrhea, rash, abd pain, |
| long term use of proton pump inhibitors is associated with | increased risk of gastric cancer |
| what makes proton pumps better than h2 receptor blocker | longer duration |
| when giving proton pump inhib: | can give with antacids take 30 min AC - 1st thing to take administer often in combo iwth baixin |
| antacids drugs? action? uses? SE:? | aluminum hydroxide (amphojel) neutralize by raising ph of stomach relieves symptoms but doesnt treat relief of heartburn al and ca- cause constipation mg - cause diarrhea |
| other types of antacids | al - basajel mg- MOM, rolaids Ca - Tums combination - maalox, mylanta sodium bicarb- alkaseltzer |
| nsg implications when giving antacids | may alter other meds shake well monitor for electrolyte imbalances watch for hypermag. renal insuf |
| what are antibiotics given fro H. pylori | amoxil, biaxin, flagyl |
| 2 antiobiotics are given why | increase effectivness, lower resistance |
| prokinetic meds? action? uses? | reglan decrease reflux--> increase sphincter tone, inhance acid clearance, increase gastric emptying used to prevent n/v, gerd, sm intestine intubation |
| nursing implications when givien prokinetic meds | alot of doses ( 30 mins ac and hs) dont give to someone with a intestinalobstruction parkinson like s/s DONT give to seizure pts |
| when should you discontinue laxative therapy | if diarrhea occurs |
| stimulant laxatives are? action? | bisacodyl and caster oil stimulate peristalsis via mucosal irritation or intramural nerve plexus activity |
| what are the worst laxatives to take ? | stimulant lax |
| WHAT ARE CATARTICS | agents with a purgative action ( be ready to go to the BR right away ) |
| stimulant lax nsg implication | defication should occur 6-12 hours after oral admin; 15 min to 2 hours after rectal give wtih water should not be used long term |
| bulk forming laxatives? action ? uses? nursing implication? | metamucil, fibercon, citrucel emollient action when polysac and cellulose combine with water uses: constipation, reduct ammonia (lactulose) bowl prep do not give with impactions |
| what do you give for high ammonia levels | lactulose |
| hyperosmotic cathartics? action? uses? implication? | lactulose, miralax, milk of mag, colyte ( golightly) increase osmotic pressure --> retention of h20, soften stool dont give wtih impactions used for constipation and to reduce ammonia levels |
| lubricant laxatives? action? uses? nursing implication -- biggest prob | mineral oil its lubricates feces used for constipation and bowel prep biggest prob: impair fat soluble vitamin absorption |
| when starting antidiarrheal therapy what should you assess for | ability to get out of bed safely |
| antidiarrheal therapy is contraindicated in | severe dehypration, electrolyte imbalance, liver and renal disorders, glaucoma, pendicits, heart probs |
| opioids? action? uses nsg implication | lomotil, immodium lomotil - decrease intestinal motilti, increase rectal tone, ANTICHOLINERGIC EFFECTS Immodium - inhibits peristalsis will cause sedation and possibly constipation |
| absorbents? action? uses? | kaopectate, pepto kaopectate - absorbs bacteria/ toxins decreasing H20 loss pepto - decreases synthesis of intestinal prostaglandins, antibiotic affects uses - h.pylori |
| what should you watch for when giving absorbents | consiptation, grey black tongue and stools |
| when taking pepto tell pts to watch for? | asa in pepto if they are alreayd taking a anticoagulant |
| donnagel action | anticholinergic (ibs and diarrhea) |
| questran action | destroys c diff and bile salt that cause diarrhea |
| bacid action | promotes GI normal flora (YOGURT in a PILL) |
| ulcerative colitis are | erosions in large intestine - a lot 20-30 bm/day bloody |
| crohns disease | ulceration in distal pater of the sm intestin |
| what is the Tx for IBD | 5-ASA, clucocorticoids, immunosuppressant drugs |
| drugs that are used for IBD and IBS? action? uses? se's? | tegaserod ( zelnorm) increase in stool formation and number of bm serotonin receptor agonist used for constipation dominant form of ibs sideeffect is diarrhea, tries to get things regular |
| zelnorm therapy you must | monitor liver, renal and cardiovascular function admin just prior to meal with water dont give to pts with frequent diarrhea |
| in the treatment of IBS you will uses what methods | stress reduction, bulk laxatives, anticholinergis meds ( bentyl) serotonin agonist |
| antimetics general nursing implications | if sedation and continue vommitting continue suction might be needed, saftey is a concern because of drowsiness, assess for falls, report vomitting of blood, dont use otc antimetics for prolonged periods |
| serotonin receptor antagonists |
Created by:
ameliarae
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