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BSC 2010C Chapter 16

Chapter 16

QuestionAnswer
DNA - Polymer made up of monomers called nucleotides - Phosphate group -5 carbon sugars -Nitrogen bases (A,T,G,C)
Chargoff A = T C = G *the bonds are hydrogen*
Hershey/Chase - 1952 - studied bacteriophage T2: Virus that infects bacteria - Found DNA holds genetic materials and not protein + Viral DNA (radioactive phosphate) + Viral Protein (Radioactive sulfur) *allowed eboli to infect the bacteria*
Centrifuged *3rd step in Hershey/Chase Exper.* Heavier material will make a pallet
Blend *2bd step in Hershey/Chase Exper.* takes off loose phages outside of bacteria cell
Results of Hershey/Chase found more radioactive ended up in the DNA labeled pallet
If 30% of your nucleotides are "C", what percent are "T"? C=30% -> G=30% 30%+30%= 60% | 100%-60%= 40% 40%/2 -> 20%=T,A There are 20% "T".
Watson/Crick - Founded the 3D Structure of DNA - Nobel Prize 1962 - Rosalind Franklin
3 Models of DNA 1.Semi-Conservative 2.Dispersive 3.Conservative
Semi-conservative 1 old strand and 1 new strand *Proved to be DNA!!!*
Dispersive 1 old and new on the same strand
Conservative 1 completely old strand, 1 completely new strand
Messelson & Stahl - proved DNA was Semi-conservative - used isotopes of Nitrogen in experiment -> N14 = Light -> N15 = Heavy
On a "U". Top, Middle, Bottom bands mean? Top Band = N14, Light: NEW Mid Band = N14 & N15: Old and New Btm Band = N15, Heavy: Old
Messelson & Stahl found on the 1st generation of their strand. They found a mid band: *Dispersive* Mid = N14 & N15: Old and New
Messelson & Stahl found on the 2nd generation of their strand. They found a Top & Mid band. *Semi-Conservative* Top Band = N14, Light: NEW Mid Band = N14 & N15: Old and New
DNA is... Antiparallel: 5' to 3' 3' to 5'
Purine A, G
Pyrimidine C, T
DNA Replication Origin of Replication - bacteria/viruses + Cicular + needs only 1 - Eukaryotes + goes along a line + has many
Enzymes of DNA Replication 1.Helicase 2.Topiosomerase - SSBP - 3.Primase 4.DNA Polymerase III 5.DNA Polymerase I 6.DNA Ligase
Helicase (E.D.R.) unwinds the Double helix
Topiosomerase (E.D.R.) prevents "over-winding"
SSBP (E.D.R.) (Single-Strand Bind Protein) stabilizes and keeps strands apart
Primase (E.D.R.) Lays down RNA primer
DNA Polymerase III (E.D.R.) adds nucleotides to the end of 5' to 3'
DNA polymerase I (E.D.R.) replaces RNA with new DNA
DNA Ligase (E.D.R.) links okazaki fragments
Leading Strand - 5' to 3' - synthesize continuously - Only needs 1 RNA primer
Lagging Strand - synthesized in pieces called okazaki fragments - 3' to 5' - needs multi RNA primers
Robert Edwards - 1974 - Studied intro-fertilization - Won Nobel prize 2010
Why did Robert Edwards win the Nobel Prize on the year of 2010? To see if the test tube baby grew and able to have a child of their own. The test tube girl recently had a child.
Griffith - 1928 - mice experiment
Griffith Experiment 1. Living S Cells - killed mice 2. Living R Cells - mice lived 3. Heat-killed S Cells (Control) - mice lived 4. S Cells & R Cells - mice died
Created by: 657791744
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