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Biology I Organelles
Organelles and their functions.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nucleus | a distinct central organelle that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA. |
| Cell Membrane | a special boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell. |
| Cell Wall | a thick, rigid, mesh of fibers that surrounds the outside of the plasma membrane, protecting the cell and giving it support. |
| Centriole | are organelles made of microtubules that function during cell division |
| Chloroplast | are organelles that capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy through a process called photosynthesis. |
| Cilia | are short, numerous projections that look like hairs |
| Cytoplasm | a semifluid material in side the plasma membrane environment |
| Cytoskeleton | a supporting network of long, thin protein fibers that form a framework for the cell and provided an anchor for the organelles inside the cells. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | is a membrane system of folded sacs and interconnected channels that serves as the site for protein and lipid synthesis. |
| Flagella | are longer and less numerous than cilia. |
| Golgi Apparatus | a flattened stack of membrane that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into sacs called vesicles. |
| Lysosome | are vesicles that contain substances that digest excess or worn-out organelles and food particles. |
| Mitochondria | convert fuel particles (mainly sugars), into usable energy |
| Nucleolus | the site of the ribosome production within the nucleus |
| Ribosome | the organelles that help manufacture proteins |
| Vacuole | a sac used to store food, enzymes, and other materials needed by a cell. |
| Nucleoplasm | the semifluid between the nuclear membrane and the nucleolus. |
| Rough ER | ER with ribosomes on it. |
| Smooth ER | ER without ribosomes. |
| Peroxisome | breaks down the fatty acids |
| Nuclear Membrane | the outside wall of the nucleus that touches the cytoplasm. |
| Microvilli | similar to cilia and flagella; they help the cell body move and connect with things inside the organism |
| Plastid | the site of manufacture and storage of important chemical compounds |
| Nuclear Pore | small openings on the nucleus that allows certain things to come in and out. |
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