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ob test 5
test 5 info
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| umbilical cord is clamped | 1st breath is taken & lungs begin to function |
| First few min of birth( heart rate) | 120-180bpm |
| Heart rate after birth | decrease to an average of 120-130bpm |
| May be hear during the neonatal period as a result of the changing dynamics of the cardiovascular system at birth | Transient ( short time) functional cardiac murmurs |
| resulting from normal laor become stimuli for initating respirations | Hypercapnia, hypoxia & acidosis |
| Surfactant (surface tension- reducing lipoprotein) is found? | in newborns lungs that prevents alveolar collapse |
| Normal Lung functions dependent on surfactant | which permits a decrease in surface tension at the end expiration |
| 1 crucial adaptation that the newborn makes at birth? | adjusting from fluid filled intrauterine enviorment to a gaseous exterine enviorment |
| Passage through birth conal allows intermittent compression of the thorax | which helps eliminate the fluid in the lungs |
| Transiet tachypnea | resiratory rate above 60bpm |
| Fluid removed too slowly/incompletely | transiet tachypnea occurs |
| Situations that involve decreased thoracic compression | Cesarean Birth |
| Repirations in newborns | shallow/irregular, range 30-60breaths per min, w/ short periods of apnea(from 15-20sec of not breathing) |
| Signs of repiratory distress to observe | Cyanosis, tachypnea, expiratory grunting, sternal retraction, & nasal flaring |
| Periodic Breathing | the cessation of breathing that last 5-10 seconds w/out changes in color or heart rate |
| Average newborn temp | 36.5 to 37.5C (97.9 to 99.7 F) |
| Termoregulation | process of maintainig the balance between heat loss & heat production |
| Nurses play a key role in providing? | An appropriate enviorment to help newborns maintain thermal stability |
| How do newborns lose heat | thin skin w/blood vesels close to surface, Lack sivering ability to produce heat involuntarily, Lack of subcutaneous fat which provides insulation |
| Newborns struggles to maintain body temperature from the moment of birth | when the newborn's wet body is exposed to much cooler enviroment of the birthing room |
| Conduction | transfer of heat from one object to another , ie: a cold mattress, scale , cold hands |
| Convection | the flow of heat from the body surface to cooler surrounding air, ie: open dorrs, windows, fans, air conditioners |
| Evaporation | loss of heat when a liquid is converted to a vapor ie: sweating (drying newborn right after birth important need blankets and cap to prevent evaporation ) |
| Radiation | loss of body heat to cooler solid surfaces in close proximity but not in direct contact with the newborn |
| Iron Storage | the term newborn has iorn stores sufficient to last approximately 4-6 months |
| when placenta is lost at birth | maternal glucose supply is cut off, glucose levels decline, glucose main sourse of energy 4 first several hrs, start feedings help stabilize the newborns blood glucose levels |
| Newborns blood glucose levels assesed? | heel stick sample of blood on admission to nursery and again @ 4hrs of age |
| what helps stable the new borns glucose levels? | initiating feedings |
| Jaundice (icterus | yellowing of the skin, scalera, and mucous membranes the results from an increase of bilirubin blood levels |
| meconium | mix of amniotic fluid, shed mucosal cells, interstinal secreations, and blood |
| discription of meconium | greenish -black , usally passed with in 12-24 hrs of birth |
| newborns that are fed earlier | pass stool sooner, which helps reduce bilirubin build up |
| stool of brest fed newborns | yellow gold, loose and stringy/pasty and sour smelling |
| stool offormula fed newborns | yello, yellow- green, or greenis and loose/pasty and an unpleasant odor |
| average voids for newborns | 6-8 = adequate fluid intake |
| 80% of all circulating antibodies | IgG( major immunoglobuin and most abundant) |
| Major source of IgA | human breast milk |
| vision (least mature sense) | able to focus on objects only in close proximity 7-12inch away |
| vision 2 | tracks objects in midline or beyond 90inches |
| Newborns reflexes are assesed? | to evaluate neurologic functions and development |
| first period of reactivity | begins at birth and lasts for 30 min newborn alert and moving may appear hungry |
| apperance of sucking and rooting behaviors | provide a good opportunity for initiating breast feeding |
| second period of reactivity | begins when the newborn awakens and shows interest in enviormental stimuli. lasting avout 2-8 hrs in a normal newborn, b/c heart respiration and peristalsis increases, newborns pass meconium during this time |
| newborns like | human faces and bright shiny objects |
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