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stc-g&d
growth and development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Preschool average growth in length & rates | slow & steady, Average wt. gain <5 lbs/yr. height of 4 y/o is double birth length.Linear growth is bout 2-2.5 inches/yr |
| Erikson's Psychological development tasks from Prsechool | 4-6 y/o, intitiative vs. guilt, children want to undertake many adultlike activities, sometimes going beyond the limits set by parent & feeling guilty bcuz of it. |
| Erikson's Psychological development tasks from School age. | 7-11 y/o, industry vs. inferiority,children eargerly learn to be competent & productive or feel inferior & unable to do any task well |
| Erikson's Psychological development tasks from Adolescence | 12-19 y/o, identity vs. role confusion, try to figure out "who am I?" They establish sexua, ethnic, & career identities or are confused about what future roles to play. |
| Erikson's Psychological development tasks from Young adulthood | 20-44 y/o, intimacy vs. isolation, seek companionship & love w/another person or become isolated from others. |
| Piaget's Cognitive from Preschool- Preoperational thought: 2-6 yrs | Develops egocentric thinking(understands world 4m only 1 perspective-that of self),uses trial & error 2 discover new traits/characteristics,conceptualizes time n present terms only,uses symbols 2 represent objects,develops more logical,intuitive thinkn |
| Piaget's Cognitive from School age: concrete operational 7-11 yrs | understands & applies logical operations/principles 2 hlp interpret specific exp. or perceptions, has more realisticviews;better understands other viewpoints, improves use of memory, focuses on more than one task;develops logical,socialized thoughts |
| Piaget's Cognitive from School age: concrete operational 7-11 yrs cont'd | recognizes cause & effect relationships, learns to identify behavio outcome,understands basic ideas of conversation,number classification,& other concrete ideas |
| Piaget's Cognitive from adolescence: Formal operational thought 12+ yrs | uses a systematic,scientific problem-solving approach,recognizes past,present, & future,is able to think about abstractions &hypothetic concepts & is able to move in thought "4m real to the possible" |
| Piaget's Cognitive from adolescence: formal operational thought 12+ yrs cont'd | becomes more interested in ethics, politics, and all social and moral issures as ability to take a broader and more theoretic approach to experience increases |
| Safety issues for preschool | Use proper equipment that fits the child,Never leave children alone in pools of water. Teach children not to touch or go near pool drains.Inspect protective equipment(helmets etc.),use protective sunscreen. |
| Safety issues for school age | Secure weapons in homes, develop a 0 tolerance program w/school officials.Wrk w/parent-teacher association to make schools safe,determine w/schoolofficials in emergency &security plan,manintain open lines of communication between child/parent/school |
| Safety issues for adolescence | use safety helmets,properly fitting equipment,play on properly maintained surfaces,perform warm-up exercises before sports practice,avoid overuse,insiston adequate supervision,obtain proper training,treat existing injuries & prevent injury |
| Dietary for preschool | high levels of protein-body systems & muscles still growing;Ca & Phosphorus-high mineralization of their teeth & bones;wt. increased of 20% or more indication of obesity |
| Dietary for early adulthood | fewer calories than adolescence bcuz adult has completed biophysical growth:calories needed based on age,sex,size |
| Dietary for adolescence 12-19 | @peak growth fem.=cal.2600/day;males=3600 calories/day;12%-16% protein;dificient i Ca+=skeletal growth,Iron=muscle & blood,zinc=generation of both skeletal & muscle tissue |
| Dietary for School Age | child who prefers athletics over fine motor skills needs more calories.Diets high in saturated fats increase a childs risk for high cholesterol as well as earlier occurrence of heart disease unless steps are taken to lower these levels |
| Purpose of discipline for preschool | remember listen to child,define acceptable as opposed to unaceptable behaviors,set limits,praise & reinforce,be consistent,clean slate,recognize escalating emotions & intervene,suggest "timeout",choose punishment that fits,stay calm,avoid putdowns, |
| Purpose of discipline for preschool cont'd | necessary guidance includes offering alternative ways of expressing feelings & meeting needs, as important to a child as love & security |
| Purpose of discipline for School age | verbal expression of threatening behavior or revenge,problems getting along w/peers,difficulty accepting authority & resistance to direction,outbursts of uncontrolled behavior,preoccupied w/weapons,bullying tendencies,frequent victimizing or teasing |
| Purpose of discipline for School age cont'd | Socially isolated, poor school performance,violence to animals |
| Purpose of discipline for Adolescence | recognizes ind.,accepts stregths & weaknesses,develops own value system,assumes responsibility 4 own behavior,develops philosophy of life,adapts 2 somatic changes (body),acquires skills necessary 4 adult livn,refines social livn,develops ind. livn skills |
| Leading cause of death Preschool-adolescence | Preschool-Drowning School age-Accidents adolescence-MVA |
| Average sleep for preschool | 11-12 |
| Average sleep for school age | 6 y/o need about 12 hours of sleep, 12 y/o needs about 10 hours of sleep |
| Average sleep for adulthood | 7-9 hours |
| Physical characterists preschool (3-5) | maturation of the nervous system,mastery of motor skills (least obvious), changes in size & shape (most obvious),vision farsighted,growth slow & steady |
| Physical characteristics school-age (6-12) | Posture str8r check for scoliosis,growth pattern gradual & subtle, long bone of the extremities & in development of the facial bones, ht. & wt. increased y 2 in. & 4.5-6.5 lbs,motor skills boys=stronger girls=more graceful & accurate,body loses babyfat |
| Physical characteristics school age 6-12 cont'd | vision 20/20, permanent teeth, P=55-90,r=22-24,b/p=110-65 |
| Physical characteristics adolescence (12-19) | begins @ puberty & to accompany those changes is in personality. Primary changes-reproductive changes (ovaries,breasts,uterus,testes,penis) secondary-(devlpmt of pubic & facial hair,voice changes,& fat deposits) |
| Physical characteristics adolescence (12-19)cont'd | 2nd major period of growth females grow 2-8in (5-20 cm),males grow 4-12in (10-30 cm),females gain 15-55lbs(7-25 kg)males gain 15-65lbs(7-30kg)females-fat males-muscle,1st menstrual cycle signals adolescence,body shape r sex differentiated after puberty |
| Physical characteristics adolescence (12-19) cont'd | males-broader shoulders,larger limbs,narrower hips. females-larger breasts,narrower waist wider hips and a lower center of gravity |
| Preschool vitals 3-5 yrs. | Heart rate 70-110, Respiratory 23 breaths per min at rest, blood pressure 110/60, Temp-97 F-99F |
| At what age girls usually reach 98% of their height | 16-17 yrs. |
| Kohlberg's Moral Development for preschool- Punishment–obedience orientationAge 2–4 years (preconventional morality) | Determines good vs. bad dependent upon associated punishmentChildren may learn inappropriate behavior @ this stage if parental intervention doesn't occur (if the child hits, bites, or is verbally disrespectful but is not punished for these activities, |
| Kohlberg's Moral Development for preschool- Punishment–obedience orientationAge 2–4 years (preconventional morality)cont'd | child will view those behaviors good & continue 2 participate in them) |
| Frued's Psychosexual for preschool to Phallic stageAge 3–7 years | Child’s pleasure centers on genitalia and masturbation. Superego is developing and conscience is emerging.Oedipal stage occurs: jealousy and rivalry toward same-sex parent, withlove of the opposite-sex parent. |
| Frued's Psychosexual for preschool to adolescence Phallic stageAge 3–7 years cont'd | This usually resolves by the end of thepreschool years, when the child develops a strong identification with thesame-sex parent. |
| examples of nondairy foods that will provide calcium | broccoli & leafy greens |
| Frued's Psychosexual for School Latency | A time of tranquility between the Oedipal phase of early childhood and adolescence—focuses on activities that develop social and cognitive |
| Kohlberg's Moral Development for School Age- Punishment onventionalStage 3: interpersonalconforming,“good child,bad child”Age 7–10 yearsStage 4: “law and order”Age 10–12 yea | n act is wrong because it brings punishmentBehavior is completely wrong or rightDoes not understand the reason behind rulesIf child and adult differ in opinions, the adult is |
| Kohlberg's Moral Development for Adolescence- Punishment Postconventional Level IIIEarly (11–14 years)Middle (14–17 years)Late (17–20 years) | orals based upon peer, family, church, and societal moralsAsks broad, usually unanswerable questions about lifeDeveloping own set of morals—evaluates individual morals inrelation to peer, family, and societal |
| Kohlberg's Moral Development for School Age- Punishment onventionalStage 3: interpersonalconforming,“good child,bad child”Age 7–10 yearsStage 4: “law and order”Age 10–12 year cont'd | rightCan put self in another person’s positionBegins to exercise the “golden rule”Acts are judged in terms of intention, not just punishment |
| Frued's Psychosexual for School Latency cont'd | skillsDevelops social skills in relating to same-sex friends through joining clubslike Brownies, Girl Scouts, Boy Scouts |
| Kohlberg's Moral Development for Adolescence- Punishment Postconventional Level IIIEarly (11–14 years)Middle (14–17 years)Late (17–20 years) cont'd | moralsInternalizes own morals and valuesContinues to compare own morals and values to those of societyEvaluates morals of others |
Created by:
yvettep119
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